{"id":10898,"date":"2025-09-07T20:35:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T12:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=10898"},"modified":"2025-09-06T20:36:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T12:36:29","slug":"the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-helical-gears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/sk\/the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-helical-gears\/","title":{"rendered":"Praktick\u00fd sprievodca \u0161ikm\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9. Mnoh\u00ed in\u017einieri maj\u00fa probl\u00e9m pochopi\u0165, ako vlastne funguj\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby a pre\u010do sa v kritick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa pred jednoduch\u0161\u00edmi \u010deln\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami.<\/p>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby na vytvorenie postupn\u00e9ho, progres\u00edvneho kontaktu, ktor\u00fd eliminuje n\u00e1hle n\u00e1razy \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies, \u010do vedie k tich\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzke, vy\u0161\u0161ej nosnosti a plynulej\u0161iemu prenosu v\u00fdkonu, a preto s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 a presn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Prie\u010dny
Prie\u010dny rez \u0161ikm\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami zobrazuj\u00faci kontaktn\u00fd vzor \u0161ikm\u00fdch zubov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Pracoval som so \u0161ikm\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch oblastiach od automobilov\u00fdch prevodoviek a\u017e po presn\u00e9 robotick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Princ\u00edpy ich vynikaj\u00faceho v\u00fdkonu s\u00fa jasn\u00e9, ke\u010f pochop\u00edte z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 rozdiely v z\u00e1bere zubov. Dovo\u013ete mi, aby som v\u00e1s obozn\u00e1mil s k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi pojmami, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu prij\u00edma\u0165 informovan\u00e9 rozhodnutia o tom, kedy a ako efekt\u00edvne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ako z\u00e1sadne men\u00ed uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly kontakt zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa?<\/h2>\n

Zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eali ste sa niekedy nad t\u00fdm, pre\u010do s\u00fa niektor\u00e9 prevodovky ove\u013ea tich\u0161ie ako in\u00e9? Odpove\u010f \u010dasto spo\u010d\u00edva v uhle \u0161pir\u00e1ly. \u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 maj\u00fa rovn\u00e9 zuby. Okam\u017eite zapadaj\u00fa pozd\u013a\u017e celej svojej \u010delnej plochy. To vytv\u00e1ra n\u00e1hly n\u00e1raz.<\/p>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 v\u0161ak maj\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby. Tento uhol \u00faplne men\u00ed kontakt. Z\u00e1ber sa za\u010d\u00edna na jednom konci a plynule postupuje cez zub. Tento postupn\u00fd kontakt je tajomstvom mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ prevodovky<\/th>\nKontaktn\u00e1 met\u00f3da<\/th>\nV\u00fdsledn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso<\/td>\nOkam\u017eit\u00fd kontakt na linke<\/td>\nN\u00e1hly n\u00e1raz, hluk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/td>\nProgres\u00edvny diagon\u00e1lny kontakt<\/td>\nPlynul\u00e1 a tich\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento z\u00e1sadn\u00fd posun od n\u00e1hleho k postupn\u00e9mu kontaktu budeme sk\u00fama\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Podrobn\u00e9
Porovnanie \u010deln\u00e9ho a \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Od l\u00edniov\u00e9ho dopadu k postupn\u00e9mu zapojeniu<\/h3>\n

Zuby \u010deln\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa sa stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1hle po celej svojej \u0161\u00edrke. Predstavte si dve rovn\u00e9 plochy, ktor\u00e9 na seba nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa. Tento okam\u017eit\u00fd kontakt l\u00edni\u00ed vytv\u00e1ra n\u00e1razov\u00e9 sily. Je hlavn\u00fdm zdrojom charakteristick\u00e9ho kv\u00edlenia, ktor\u00e9 po\u010dujete z niektor\u00fdch prevodoviek. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa t\u00fdm zuby naraz v\u00fdrazne nam\u00e1haj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Posuvn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/h3>\n

Teraz si predstavte \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. Ke\u010f sa dva zuby za\u010dn\u00fa zacl\u00e1\u0148a\u0165, kontakt za\u010d\u00edna v jednom bode na jednom konci. Ako sa ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa, tento kontaktn\u00fd bod prech\u00e1dza \u0161ikmo cez plochu zuba.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa dosiahne plynul\u00e9 a postupn\u00e9 zapojenie. Namiesto n\u00e1hleho \u00faderu je to jemn\u00fd sklz. Toto k\u013azanie umo\u017e\u0148uje postupnej\u0161\u00ed prenos za\u0165a\u017eenia z jedn\u00e9ho zuba na druh\u00fd, \u010do je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd princ\u00edp.<\/p>\n

Pochopenie progres\u00edvneho kontaktu<\/h4>\n

Kontaktn\u00e1 plocha sa v\u017edy pohybuje. T\u00fdm je zaisten\u00e9, \u017ee v ka\u017edom okamihu sa o za\u0165a\u017eenie del\u00ed viacero zubov. Na z\u00e1klade na\u0161ich testov toto rozdelenie v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje nosnos\u0165 prevodovky. Tento \u0161ikm\u00fd z\u00e1ber v\u0161ak prin\u00e1\u0161a bo\u010dn\u00fa silu, tzv. axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup>, \u010do je faktor, ktor\u00fd v\u017edy zoh\u013ead\u0148ujeme pri PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
F\u00e1za zapojenia<\/th>\nKontakt \u010deln\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/th>\nKontakt so \u0161ikm\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0160tart<\/td>\nKontakt na cel\u00fa linku<\/td>\nBodov\u00fd kontakt na jednom konci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stred<\/td>\nKontakt na cel\u00fa linku<\/td>\nDiagon\u00e1lna \u010diara cez tv\u00e1r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koniec<\/td>\nOkam\u017eit\u00e9 odpojenie<\/td>\nBodov\u00fd kontakt na druhom konci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly premie\u0148a z\u00e1ber zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa z drsn\u00e9ho, okam\u017eit\u00e9ho n\u00e1razu na plynul\u00fd, valiv\u00fd pohyb. Tento postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber a k\u013azav\u00fd pohyb s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za tich\u0161iu prev\u00e1dzku, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie a vy\u0161\u0161iu nosnos\u0165 v porovnan\u00ed s \u010deln\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd princ\u00edp: Postupn\u00e9 zapojenie<\/h2>\n

Hlavn\u00fd zdroj ticha je jednoduch\u00fd: postupn\u00e1 anga\u017eovanos\u0165. Na rozdiel od \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies, ktor\u00e9 do seba naraz nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa pozd\u013a\u017e celej plochy zubov, zuby \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies sa k\u013a\u017eu.<\/p>\n

Tento proces sa za\u010d\u00edna na jednom konci zuba. Potom sa postupne pos\u00fava pozd\u013a\u017e tv\u00e1re, a\u017e k\u00fdm sa zuby \u00faplne nezapoja. Toto je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies.<\/p>\n

\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 vs. \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 zapojenie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ prevodovky<\/th>\n\u0160t\u00fdl z\u00e1snub<\/th>\nPrvotn\u00fd kontakt<\/th>\nV\u00fdsledok<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso<\/strong><\/td>\nOkam\u017eit\u00e9<\/td>\nCel\u00e1 tv\u00e1r zubov<\/td>\nVysok\u00fd vplyv, hluk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/strong><\/td>\nPostupn\u00e9<\/td>\nBodov\u00fd\/linkov\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\nHladk\u00fd, tich\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento z\u00e1sadn\u00fd rozdiel eliminuje \"\u0161ok\" pri sie\u0165ovan\u00ed. Za\u0165a\u017eenie p\u00f4sob\u00ed plynulo, nie n\u00e1hle.<\/p>\n

\"Detailn\u00e9
\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00fd prevod so \u0161ikm\u00fdmi zubami<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Fyzika redukcie otrasov a vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/h3>\n

K\u00fazlo spo\u010d\u00edva v uhle \u0161pir\u00e1ly. Tento uhol zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee sk\u00f4r ako sa jeden p\u00e1r zubov rozpoj\u00ed, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1r u\u017e za\u010dne kontaktova\u0165. T\u00fdm sa vytv\u00e1ra kontinu\u00e1lny, prekr\u00fdvaj\u00faci sa prenos sily.<\/p>\n

Tento jav sa kvantifikuje pomocou kontaktn\u00e9ho pomeru. Zah\u0155\u0148a \u0161tandardn\u00fd profilov\u00fd kontakt a \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 prekr\u00fdvanie<\/a>2<\/a><\/sup>. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pomer znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v danom okamihu sa o za\u0165a\u017eenie del\u00ed viac zubov.<\/p>\n

V spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE navrhujeme optim\u00e1lny pomer kontaktov. T\u00fdm sa minimalizuje kol\u00edsanie tlaku a n\u00e1razov\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa priamymi fyzik\u00e1lnymi pr\u00ed\u010dinami hluku prevodovky. Namiesto ostr\u00e9ho \"buchnutia\" pri ka\u017edom zaseknut\u00ed zubov sa ozve plynul\u00e9, tich\u00e9 bzu\u010danie.<\/p>\n

Vplyv uhla \u0161pir\u00e1ly na hluk<\/h4>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly vo v\u0161eobecnosti vedie k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iemu prekrytiu a tich\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzke. Prin\u00e1\u0161a v\u0161ak aj axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah, ktor\u00fd mus\u00edme v celkovej kon\u0161trukcii riadi\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/th>\nPomer prekrytia<\/th>\n\u00darove\u0148 hluku<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
N\u00edzka (napr. 15\u00b0)<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nMierne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vysok\u00e1 (napr. 45\u00b0)<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nVe\u013emi n\u00edzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Na z\u00e1klade na\u0161ich testov je tento vz\u0165ah jasn\u00fd. Plynul\u00fd prenos z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee v\u00fdrazne tlm\u00ed vibr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 va\u0161e ucho vn\u00edma ako hluk. Nie je to len hlad\u0161ie, ale ide o z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie vibra\u010dnej energie.<\/p>\n

Tich\u00fd chod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov vypl\u00fdva z ich \u0161ikm\u00fdch zubov. T\u00e1to kon\u0161trukcia umo\u017e\u0148uje postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber, ktor\u00fd rozklad\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eenie a zabra\u0148uje n\u00e1razom a vibr\u00e1ci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa hluk \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do m\u00f4\u017eu \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie za\u0165a\u017eenie ako \u010deln\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1?<\/h2>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie za\u0165a\u017eenie predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u010faka svojim \u0161ikm\u00fdm zubom. T\u00e1to jednoduch\u00e1 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e1 zmena vytv\u00e1ra v\u00fdznamn\u00fa v\u00fdkonnostn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu. Z\u00e1sadne men\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm sa pren\u00e1\u0161a sila medzi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami.<\/p>\n

Tajomstvo je v uhle<\/h3>\n

Na rozdiel od \u010deln\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa sa zuby \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa postupne. Kontakt sa za\u010d\u00edna na jednom konci zuba. Potom postupuje po celej ploche zuba.<\/p>\n

Tento postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber je jednou z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov.<\/p>\n

Porozumenie kontaktn\u00fdm l\u00edni\u00e1m<\/h4>\n

Uhol \u00fa\u010dinne zvy\u0161uje celkov\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku kontaktn\u00e9ho vedenia pre dan\u00fa \u0161\u00edrku ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. V ka\u017edom okamihu sa zaber\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia plocha zuba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\n\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Uhol zubov<\/td>\nRovn\u00fd (0\u00b0)<\/td>\nUhlov\u00e9 (Helix Angle)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prvotn\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\nKontakt na cel\u00fa linku<\/td>\nBod, potom \u010diara<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Celkov\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\nKrat\u0161ia priama \u010diara<\/td>\nDlh\u0161ia diagon\u00e1lna \u010diara<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e1to kon\u0161trukcia ove\u013ea efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie rozklad\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eenie.<\/p>\n

\"Detailn\u00fd
Presn\u00fd \u0161ikm\u00fd prevod so \u0161ikm\u00fdmi zubami<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00edrenie stresu<\/h3>\n

Toto dlh\u0161ie kontaktn\u00e9 vedenie priamo zni\u017euje nap\u00e4tie. Za\u0165a\u017eenie sa rozlo\u017e\u00ed na ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu plochu. Tento jednoduch\u00fd fakt zabra\u0148uje vzniku nap\u00e4tia v jednom bode.<\/p>\n

Pri \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch preber\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eenie cel\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrka zubu naraz. To vytv\u00e1ra n\u00e1raz s ve\u013ek\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom. Nam\u00e1hanie je vysoko koncentrovan\u00e9 pozd\u013a\u017e priamky.<\/p>\n

Vizualiz\u00e1cia rozlo\u017eenia za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/h4>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 prevody tomuto n\u00e1hlemu n\u00e1razu zabra\u0148uj\u00fa. Za\u0165a\u017eenie p\u00f4sob\u00ed a odober\u00e1 sa plynulo a postupne cez zub.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd Hertzovo kontaktn\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie<\/a>3<\/a><\/sup> na zuboch. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee ozuben\u00e9 koleso znesie ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ie za\u0165a\u017eenie bez rizika poruchy. To vedie aj k dlh\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzkovej \u017eivotnosti.<\/p>\n

V na\u0161ich projektoch v spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE \u010dasto odpor\u00fa\u010dame \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pre aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vysok\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment a dlhodob\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00fdch diagramov<\/h4>\n

Ak sa pozriete na z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eov\u00e9 diagramy, rozdiel je jasn\u00fd. V pr\u00edpade \u010deln\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa vid\u00edte ostr\u00fd, \u00fazky p\u00e1s vysok\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia.<\/p>\n

V pr\u00edpade \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je nap\u00e4tie rozlo\u017een\u00e9. Prejavuje sa ako \u0161ir\u0161ia, menej intenz\u00edvna oblas\u0165. Tento rozdiel je z\u00e1sadn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Faktor stresu<\/th>\n\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Aplik\u00e1cia za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/td>\nN\u00e1hly, okam\u017eit\u00fd<\/td>\nPostupn\u00e9, progres\u00edvne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Koncentr\u00e1cia stresu<\/td>\nVysok\u00e9, s\u00fastreden\u00e9 vrcholy<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie, distribuovan\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Riziko vzniku jamiek<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nV\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Toto vynikaj\u00face riadenie nap\u00e4tia je d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do s\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 vynikaj\u00face pri ve\u013ekom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 zuby \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa dlh\u0161iu kontaktn\u00fa l\u00edniu, ktor\u00e1 rozklad\u00e1 za\u0165a\u017eenie na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu plochu. T\u00e1to kon\u0161trukcia v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euje \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 nam\u00e1hanie zubov a umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161ikm\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm koles\u00e1m pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie za\u0165a\u017eenie a pracova\u0165 plynulej\u0161ie ako \u010deln\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ako s\u00favis\u00ed \"pomer prekrytia\" priamo s plynulej\u0161\u00edm prenosom v\u00fdkonu?<\/h2>\n

Pomer prekrytia je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom. Jednoducho definuje, ko\u013eko p\u00e1rov zubov je v danom okamihu v kontakte.<\/p>\n

Pre skuto\u010dne plynul\u00fd prenos v\u00fdkonu mus\u00ed by\u0165 t\u00e1to hodnota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia ako jedna. T\u00fdm sa zabezpe\u010d\u00ed bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9 odovzd\u00e1vanie. Nov\u00fd p\u00e1r zubov sa zapne sk\u00f4r, ako sa predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci p\u00e1r rozpoj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam vysok\u00e9ho pomeru<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Pomer prekrytia<\/th>\nZ\u00e1snuby<\/th>\nV\u00fdsledok<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
< 1 (\u010deln\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1)<\/td>\nPreru\u0161ovan\u00e9<\/td>\nKol\u00edsanie kr\u00fatiaceho momentu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
> 1 (\u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1)<\/td>\nKontinu\u00e1lne<\/td>\nPlynul\u00fd tok energie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento nepretr\u017eit\u00fd kontakt je tajomstvom tich\u00e9ho a plynul\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00fd o\u010dak\u00e1vame od vysokokvalitn\u00fdch prevodov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Priamo zni\u017euje vibr\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\"Detailn\u00fd
\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s prekr\u00fdvaj\u00facimi sa zubami<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

K\u00fazlo \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies spo\u010d\u00edva v tomto nepretr\u017eitom z\u00e1bere. Pri prekr\u00fdvacom pomere vy\u0161\u0161om ako jedna sa v\u00fdkon nielen pren\u00e1\u0161a, ale plynulo prech\u00e1dza z jedn\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru zubov na druh\u00fd.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa eliminuje n\u00e1hly prenos za\u0165a\u017eenia, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje hluk a vibr\u00e1cie \u010deln\u00fdch prevodov. Predstavte si to ako plynul\u00fd \u0161tafetov\u00fd beh namiesto s\u00e9rie n\u00e1hlych \u0161tartov a zastaven\u00ed. Jednou z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je t\u00e1to prirodzen\u00e1 plynulos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 d\u00f4sledky<\/h3>\n

V na\u0161ej pr\u00e1ci na PTSMAKE navrhujeme optim\u00e1lny pomer prekrytia. To zabezpe\u010duje tich\u00fd a efekt\u00edvny chod strojov na\u0161ich klientov. Je to kritick\u00fd detail, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon a \u017eivotnos\u0165 cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det z\u00e1vis\u00ed od \u0161\u00edrky \u010dela ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a jeho Axi\u00e1lna rozte\u010d<\/a>4<\/a><\/sup>. \u0160ir\u0161ia \u010deln\u00e1 plocha ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa v podstate umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie prekrytie, \u010d\u00edm sa zvy\u0161uje hladkos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie kontaktov<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\n\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Zubn\u00fd kontakt<\/td>\nN\u00e1hle, full-line<\/td>\nPostupn\u00e9, kontinu\u00e1lne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prenos n\u00e1kladu<\/td>\nN\u00e1hly posun<\/td>\nSpolo\u010dn\u00e9 a bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00darove\u0148 vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nV\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber a rozdelenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee nielen zni\u017euje hluk, ale aj za\u0165a\u017eenie jednotliv\u00fdch zubov. To \u010dasto vedie k vy\u0161\u0161ej odolnosti a spo\u013eahlivosti prevodovky.<\/p>\n

Pre plynul\u00fd prenos v\u00fdkonu je z\u00e1kladom pomer prekrytia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako jedna. Zaru\u010duje nepretr\u017eit\u00fd kontakt zubov, \u010do eliminuje kol\u00edsanie kr\u00fatiaceho momentu, zni\u017euje vibr\u00e1cie a vedie k tich\u0161ej a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzke - charakteristick\u00e9mu znaku dobre navrhnut\u00fdch \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 prevody \u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161ie ako \u010deln\u00e9 a pre\u010do?<\/h2>\n

Ke\u010f hovor\u00edme o \u00fa\u010dinnosti prevodovky, odpove\u010f nie je jednoduch\u00e1 - \u00e1no alebo nie. \u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je ve\u013emi vysok\u00e1. Je porovnate\u013en\u00e1 s \u010deln\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami, \u010dasto okolo 98-99%.<\/p>\n

Je tu v\u0161ak jemn\u00fd rozdiel. \u0160ikm\u00e9 zuby na \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch sa vz\u00e1jomne pos\u00favaj\u00fa. Toto k\u013azanie sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie trenie ako \u010dist\u00e9 odva\u013eovanie \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Toto trenie vedie k ur\u010dit\u00fdm strat\u00e1m energie.<\/p>\n

Hlavnou v\u00fdzvou v oblasti \u00fa\u010dinnosti je v\u0161ak riadenie axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu. Toto je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd praktick\u00fd poznatok pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kon\u0161trukt\u00e9ra.<\/p>\n

Faktory ovplyv\u0148uj\u00face \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Faktor<\/th>\nVplyv na efekt\u00edvnos\u0165<\/th>\nVysvetlenie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Vytv\u00e1ranie siet\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>\nVe\u013emi vysok\u00e1<\/td>\nPlynul\u00e9, postupn\u00e9 zap\u00ednanie minimalizuje straty pri n\u00e1raze.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Trenie<\/strong><\/td>\nMen\u0161ie straty<\/td>\nPri posuvnom kontakte pozd\u013a\u017e \u010dela zuba vznik\u00e1 teplo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/strong><\/td>\nVe\u013ek\u00e1 strata<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje axi\u00e1lne lo\u017eisk\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa trenie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Podrobn\u00e9
Porovnanie \u0161ikm\u00fdch a \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies sa net\u00fdka len samotn\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Ide o cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Hlavn\u00fd zdroj neefekt\u00edvnosti \u010dasto poch\u00e1dza z riadenia s\u00edl, ktor\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\u00daloha axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu v neefekt\u00edvnosti syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bo\u010dn\u00fa silu, ktor\u00e1 sa naz\u00fdva axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/a>5<\/a><\/sup>. T\u00e1to sila tla\u010d\u00ed ozuben\u00e9 koleso pozd\u013a\u017e jeho hriade\u013ea. Aby sme tomuto pohybu zabr\u00e1nili, mus\u00edme pou\u017ei\u0165 \u0161peci\u00e1lne lo\u017eisk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tieto komponenty, ako napr\u00edklad ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 alebo gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s koso\u0161tvorcov\u00fdm stykom, s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby zvl\u00e1dli tento \u0165ah. Pritom v\u0161ak do syst\u00e9mu vn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa vlastn\u00e9 trenie.<\/p>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sme rie\u0161ili v spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE, je v\u00fdkon straten\u00fd v t\u00fdchto podporn\u00fdch lo\u017eisk\u00e1ch v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako v\u00fdkon straten\u00fd v samotnom ozubenom kolese.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdber lo\u017eiska je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vneho lo\u017eiska je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. Cie\u013eom je p\u00f4sobi\u0165 proti \u0165ahu s minim\u00e1lnym pridan\u00fdm tren\u00edm. Tu je jednoduch\u00e9 porovnanie na z\u00e1klade sk\u00fasenost\u00ed z na\u0161ich projektov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ lo\u017eiska<\/th>\nKapacita za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/th>\nStrata tren\u00edm<\/th>\nPr\u00edklad aplik\u00e1cie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dky s hlbokou dr\u00e1\u017ekou<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00edzky \u0165ah<\/td>\nN\u00edzka<\/td>\n\u013dahk\u00e9 prevodovky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00fd val\u010dek<\/strong><\/td>\nVysok\u00fd \u0165ah<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nAutomobilov\u00e9 diferenci\u00e1ly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Optimaliz\u00e1cia usporiadania lo\u017e\u00edsk je z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou vyu\u017e\u00edvania v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov. Zabezpe\u010duje, aby syst\u00e9m, nielen dvojica ozuben\u00fdch kolies, pracoval s maxim\u00e1lnou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov je vysok\u00e1, ale \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu z\u00e1vis\u00ed od riadenia axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu. Trenie z potrebn\u00fdch axi\u00e1lnych lo\u017e\u00edsk \u010dasto sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie straty v\u00fdkonu ako samotn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso, tak\u017ee v\u00fdber lo\u017e\u00edsk je kritick\u00fdm faktorom pri n\u00e1vrhu.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va \"tlakov\u00fd uhol\" v \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch?<\/h2>\n

Pri \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodoch sa stret\u00e1vame s dvoma k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdmi uhlami pr\u00edtlaku. S\u00fa to norm\u00e1lov\u00fd a prie\u010dny tlakov\u00fd uhol.<\/p>\n

Norm\u00e1lov\u00fd uhol tlaku sa meria kolmo na zub. Prie\u010dny tlakov\u00fd uhol sa meria v rovine ot\u00e1\u010dania.<\/p>\n

Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly sp\u00e1ja tieto dva body. Pochopenie tohto vz\u0165ahu je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9. Ur\u010duje, ako sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sily medzi zubami.<\/p>\n

D\u00f4sledky sily<\/h3>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed tlakov\u00fd uhol vo v\u0161eobecnosti zvy\u0161uje pevnos\u0165 zubov. Vytv\u00e1ra v\u0161ak aj v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie sily na lo\u017eisk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Tu je jednoduch\u00e9 rozdelenie tohto vz\u0165ahu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/th>\nPopis<\/th>\nVz\u0165ah k uhlu \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Norm\u00e1lny tlakov\u00fd uhol (\u03b1n)<\/strong><\/td>\nMeria sa norm\u00e1lne k zubu ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa.<\/td>\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00fd uhol.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prie\u010dny tlakov\u00fd uhol (\u03b1t)<\/strong><\/td>\nMeria sa v rovine ot\u00e1\u010dania.<\/td>\nZvy\u0161uje sa s rast\u00facim uhlom \u0161pir\u00e1ly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Podrobn\u00fd
Detailn\u00fd poh\u013ead na zuby \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Tlakov\u00fd uhol a uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly spolo\u010dne ur\u010duj\u00fa dynamiku sily. Ur\u010duj\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 s\u00edl, ktor\u00e9 odde\u013euj\u00fa ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 a axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah.<\/p>\n

Pochopenie ozuben\u00fdch s\u00edl<\/h3>\n

Pri prenose v\u00fdkonu \u0161ikm\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami p\u00f4sob\u00ed nieko\u013eko s\u00edl. U\u017eito\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu vykon\u00e1va tangenci\u00e1lna sila. \u010eal\u0161ie sily v\u0161ak vznikaj\u00fa ako ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty.<\/p>\n

Str\u00e1nka odde\u013euj\u00face sily<\/a>6<\/a><\/sup> odsun\u00fa\u0165 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 od seba. T\u00e1to sila je priamo \u00famern\u00e1 tangente uhla prie\u010dneho tlaku. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed uhol znamen\u00e1 silnej\u0161\u00ed tlak. T\u00fdm sa zvy\u0161uje za\u0165a\u017eenie lo\u017e\u00edsk podopieraj\u00facich hriadele ozuben\u00fdch kolies.<\/p>\n

\u00daloha axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu<\/h3>\n

Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly je zodpovedn\u00fd za vytvorenie axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu. Je to sila, ktor\u00e1 tla\u010d\u00ed ozuben\u00e9 koleso pozd\u013a\u017e jeho osi. Zatia\u013e \u010do uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly je priamou pr\u00ed\u010dinou, celkov\u00e1 nosnos\u0165 ovplyvnen\u00e1 uhlom pr\u00edtlaku ovplyv\u0148uje jeho ve\u013ekos\u0165. Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je hladk\u00fd chod, ale tento \u0165ah je kompromisom.<\/p>\n

V spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE starostlivo analyzujeme tieto vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00e9 parametre. Zabezpe\u010dujeme, aby kon\u0161trukcia prevodovky zvl\u00e1dla v\u0161etky v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 sily pre dlhodob\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kombin\u00e1cia uhlov<\/th>\nOdde\u013eovacia sila<\/th>\nAxi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/th>\nNosn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
N\u00edzky tlak a n\u00edzky uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vysok\u00fd tlak a n\u00edzky uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00edzky tlak a vysok\u00fd uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vysok\u00fd tlak a vysok\u00fd uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly<\/strong><\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\nNajvy\u0161\u0161ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie norm\u00e1lov\u00e9ho a prie\u010dneho uhla tlaku, ktor\u00e9 je dan\u00e9 uhlom \u0161pir\u00e1ly, je z\u00e1sadn\u00e9. Tento vz\u0165ah priamo riadi deliace a axi\u00e1lne sily, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00facimi faktormi pri v\u00fdbere lo\u017e\u00edsk a celkovej kon\u0161trukcii syst\u00e9mu v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch so \u0161ikm\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami.<\/p>\n

Ako vy\u0161\u0161ie r\u00fdchlosti zvy\u0161uj\u00fa v\u00fdhody \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov?<\/h2>\n

Pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch r\u00fdchlostiach sa rozdiel medzi typmi prevodov st\u00e1va rozhoduj\u00facim. \u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s rovn\u00fdmi zubami sa zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa n\u00e1hle.<\/p>\n

Tento n\u00e1hly kontakt vytv\u00e1ra zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1razov\u00e9 sily. V\u00fdsledkom je nadmern\u00fd hluk a vibr\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Naopak, \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 sa zaberaj\u00fa plynulo a postupne. Ich \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby sa ticho zas\u00favaj\u00fa na svoje miesto.<\/p>\n

Tento plynul\u00fd z\u00e1ber je jednou z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov. V\u010faka nej s\u00fa ide\u00e1lne pre vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 stroje, kde je v\u00fdkon najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\n\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pri vysokej r\u00fdchlosti<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pri vysokej r\u00fdchlosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u00darove\u0148 hluku<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vibr\u00e1cie<\/td>\nZ\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1lne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Miera opotrebenia<\/td>\nZr\u00fdchlen\u00e9<\/td>\nZn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oper\u00e1cia<\/td>\nDrsn\u00e9<\/td>\nHladk\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Detailn\u00fd
Kovov\u00fd \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00fd prevod so \u0161ikm\u00fdmi zubami<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do je rozhoduj\u00facim faktorom r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/h3>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies pri vysok\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach je dynamick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie. Pri z\u00e1bere a rozbere zubov vznik\u00e1 n\u00e1razov\u00fd r\u00e1z.<\/p>\n

Doch\u00e1dza k tomu preto, lebo cel\u00e1 \u0161\u00edrka zuba sa dot\u00fdka takmer okam\u017eite. Predstavte si to ako s\u00e9riu mal\u00fdch, r\u00fdchlych \u00faderov kladivom.<\/p>\n

Tieto n\u00e1razy vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sily, ktor\u00e9 \u010faleko presahuj\u00fa statick\u00e9, vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie prevodovky. To vedie k pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu opotrebovaniu a mo\u017enej poruche. Vytv\u00e1ra tie\u017e charakteristick\u00fd kv\u00edliv\u00fd zvuk vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdch \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies.<\/p>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 tento probl\u00e9m elegantne rie\u0161ia. Ich \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby znamenaj\u00fa postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber. Kontakt za\u010d\u00edna na jednom konci zuba a plynule sa pohybuje po celej ploche.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa zabr\u00e1ni prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1razu \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Zabezpe\u010duje kon\u0161tantn\u00fd, jemn\u00fd prenos sily. To je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pri vysok\u00fdch r\u00fdchlos\u0165 v\u00fd\u0161kovej \u010diary<\/a>7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkom je v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie dynamick\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia. Zo sk\u00fasenost\u00ed spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE s vysoko presn\u00fdmi aplik\u00e1ciami vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee sa to priamo premieta do tich\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzky, men\u0161\u00edch vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed a ove\u013ea dlh\u0161ej \u017eivotnosti celej zostavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dynamick\u00fd efekt<\/th>\nOdozva \u010deln\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/th>\nOdozva \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Aplik\u00e1cia za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/td>\nOkam\u017eit\u00fd vplyv<\/td>\nPostupn\u00e9 zapojenie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Stresov\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010dky<\/td>\nVysok\u00fd a ostr\u00fd<\/td>\nN\u00edzka a hladk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u017divotnos\u0165 komponentov<\/td>\n\u010casto skr\u00e1ten\u00e9<\/td>\nV\u00fdrazne roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vhodnos\u0165<\/td>\nN\u00edzka a\u017e stredn\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pri vysok\u00fdch r\u00fdchlostiach \u010deln\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa prudk\u00e9 n\u00e1razy, hluk a opotrebovanie. \u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s hladk\u00fdm a postupn\u00fdm z\u00e1berom tieto probl\u00e9my eliminuj\u00fa, \u010d\u00edm dokazuj\u00fa svoju v\u00fdhodu pri n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa dlhodob\u00fa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165.<\/p>\n

\u010co definuje \"ruku\" \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a jej v\u00fdznam?<\/h2>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 maj\u00fa zuby zrezan\u00e9 pod uhlom. Tento uhol vytv\u00e1ra \"ruku\", bu\u010f prav\u00fa alebo \u013eav\u00fa. Predstavte si \u0161tandardn\u00fa skrutku. Zuby pravoto\u010div\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa s\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 ako pravoto\u010div\u00fd z\u00e1vit.<\/p>\n

Tento detail nie je zanedbate\u013en\u00fd. Je podstatn\u00fd. Spr\u00e1vne nastavenie rukov\u00e4te zaru\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee prevody bud\u00fa spr\u00e1vne zacvaknut\u00e9 a bud\u00fa efekt\u00edvne pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 v\u00fdkon. Je to z\u00e1kladn\u00fd parameter kon\u0161trukcie prevodovky.<\/p>\n

Prav\u00e1 a \u013eav\u00e1 ruka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ru\u010dn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso<\/th>\nSmer zubov<\/th>\nSpolo\u010dn\u00e1 anal\u00f3gia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Prav\u00e1 strana<\/strong><\/td>\nNakl\u00e1\u0148a sa doprava<\/td>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e1 skrutka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u013dav\u00e1 strana<\/strong><\/td>\nSklon do\u013eava<\/td>\nSkrutka s reverzn\u00fdm z\u00e1vitom<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

T\u00e1to jednoduch\u00e1 vo\u013eba ur\u010duje, ako bud\u00fa dva prevodov\u00e9 stupne vz\u00e1jomne p\u00f4sobi\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Dva
Pravoto\u010div\u00e9 a \u013eavoto\u010div\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Usporiadanie hriade\u013ea ur\u010duje, ktor\u00fa prevodov\u00fa rukov\u00e4\u0165 potrebujete. Pravidl\u00e1 s\u00fa jednoduch\u00e9, ale absol\u00fatne. Ich dodr\u017eiavanie je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k funk\u010dn\u00e9mu prevodov\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Pravidlo pre rovnobe\u017en\u00e9 hriadele<\/h3>\n

Pre prevody pracuj\u00face na paraleln\u00fdch hriade\u013eoch plat\u00ed jednoduch\u00e9 pravidlo. Musia ma\u0165 proti\u013eahl\u00e9 ruky. Pravoto\u010div\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso mus\u00ed v\u017edy zapadn\u00fa\u0165 do \u013eavoto\u010div\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. Neexistuj\u00fa tu \u017eiadne v\u00fdnimky.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdm sa zaist\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby spr\u00e1vne zapadn\u00fa do ich \u010deln\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Tento postupn\u00fd kontakt je jednou z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies, \u010do vedie k plynulej\u0161ej a tich\u0161ej prev\u00e1dzke v porovnan\u00ed s \u010deln\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami.<\/p>\n

Pravidlo pre hriadele so skr\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi osami<\/h3>\n

Ak s\u00fa hriadele skr\u00ed\u017een\u00e9, zvy\u010dajne pod uhlom 90 stup\u0148ov, prevody m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 rovnak\u00fa ruku. V takomto usporiadan\u00ed je be\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee sa pravostrann\u00fd ozuben\u00fd prevod zacvakne s in\u00fdm pravostrann\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm prevodom.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to konfigur\u00e1cia men\u00ed sp\u00f4sob interakcie zubov a vytv\u00e1ra viac bodov\u00e9ho kontaktu. T\u00e1to vo\u013eba ovplyv\u0148uje smer ot\u00e1\u010dania a riadenie s\u00edl, ako napr. axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/a>8<\/a><\/sup>. V minul\u00fdch projektoch spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE sme \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvali prevody s rovnakou rukou pre aplik\u00e1cie s kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdmi osami.<\/p>\n

Pravidl\u00e1 usporiadania hriade\u013ea a manipul\u00e1cie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ hriade\u013ea<\/th>\nPotrebn\u00e9 ruky<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rna funkcia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Paraleln\u00e9<\/strong><\/td>\nOpa\u010dn\u00fd (RH + LH)<\/td>\nPrenos v\u00fdkonu medzi paraleln\u00fdmi osami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 os<\/strong><\/td>\nRovnak\u00e9 (RH + RH alebo LH + LH)<\/td>\nPrenos v\u00fdkonu medzi neparaleln\u00fdmi osami<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pochopenie tejto skuto\u010dnosti je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Nespr\u00e1vna kombin\u00e1cia sp\u00f4sob\u00ed zablokovanie alebo zlyhanie syst\u00e9mu. Ur\u010duje tie\u017e smer p\u00f4sobenia s\u00edl, \u010do priamo ovplyv\u0148uje kon\u0161trukciu lo\u017eiska a po\u017eiadavky na puzdro.<\/p>\n

Rukov\u00e4\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je rozhoduj\u00facim kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdm prvkom. Pri paraleln\u00fdch hriade\u013eoch s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 proti\u013eahl\u00e9 ruky. Pri hriade\u013eoch s kr\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi osami m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 rukov\u00e4te rovnak\u00e9. T\u00e1to vo\u013eba zabezpe\u010duje spr\u00e1vny z\u00e1ber, plynul\u00fd prenos sily a spr\u00e1vne riadenie sily vo va\u0161ej zostave.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 rozdiely medzi jednoduch\u00fdmi a dvojit\u00fdmi \u0161ikm\u00fdmi prevodmi?<\/h2>\n

Pri v\u00fdbere ozuben\u00fdch kolies sa rozhoduje najm\u00e4 medzi jednoduch\u00fdm a dvojit\u00fdm \u0161ikm\u00fdm preveden\u00edm. V\u00fdber sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje na riadenie axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu.<\/p>\n

Jednoduch\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 prevody s\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Ich \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby v\u0161ak vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa bo\u010dn\u00fa silu. T\u00fato silu musia riadi\u0165 axi\u00e1lne lo\u017eisk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Dvojit\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 alebo rybie ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 tento probl\u00e9m rie\u0161ia. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa dve proti\u013eahl\u00e9 \u0161pir\u00e1ly. T\u00e1to kon\u0161trukcia prirodzene ru\u0161\u00ed axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie \u0165ahu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ prevodovky<\/th>\nAxi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/th>\nPo\u017eiadavka na lo\u017eisko<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Jednoduch\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la<\/td>\nGenerovan\u00e9<\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje axi\u00e1lne lo\u017eisk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Dvojit\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la<\/td>\nSamo\u010dinn\u00e9 zru\u0161enie<\/td>\nMinim\u00e1lne axi\u00e1lne lo\u017eisk\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Preto sa dvojit\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 zdaj\u00fa by\u0165 lep\u0161ie. Ale je tu e\u0161te nie\u010do viac.<\/p>\n

\"Porovnanie
Porovnanie jednoduch\u00e9ho a dvojit\u00e9ho \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Realita v\u00fdroby<\/h3>\n

Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodoviek je hladk\u00fd chod. Dvojit\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 ju zlep\u0161uj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee eliminuj\u00fa \u0165ah. Je to v\u0161ak spojen\u00e9 so zna\u010dn\u00fdmi n\u00e1kladmi. Tvar V \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je zlo\u017eit\u00fd na v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzvy presn\u00e9ho obr\u00e1bania<\/h4>\n

V spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE tejto zlo\u017eitosti rozumieme. Rezanie zubov si vy\u017eaduje \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 stroje. V strede nie je priestor na zni\u010denie n\u00e1stroja. T\u00e1to presnos\u0165 v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje \u010das v\u00fdroby aj n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

Naopak, jednoduch\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa jednoduch\u00e9. Ich v\u00fdroba je r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia a hospod\u00e1rnej\u0161ia. To z nich rob\u00ed praktick\u00fa vo\u013ebu pre mnoh\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u00fdm rozdielom je nemo\u017enos\u0165 prevodov s rybou kos\u0165ou ma\u0165 axi\u00e1lny plav\u00e1k<\/a>9<\/a><\/sup>. Tento nedostatok pohybu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v niektor\u00fdch kon\u0161trukci\u00e1ch prevodoviek ve\u013ek\u00fdm obmedzen\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Rozdelenie n\u00e1kladov a zlo\u017eitosti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\nJednoduch\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la<\/th>\nDvojit\u00e1 \u0161pir\u00e1la (rybia kos\u0165)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
V\u00fdrobn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/strong><\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nV\u00fdrazne vy\u0161\u0161ia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zlo\u017eitos\u0165<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0160tandard<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axi\u00e1lny plav\u00e1k<\/strong><\/td>\nMo\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\nNie je mo\u017en\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Riadenie \u0165ahu<\/strong><\/td>\nExtern\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1<\/td>\nIntern\u00fd (samo\u010dinn\u00fd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento kompromis je pre v\u00fdber prevodovky k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd. Z\u00edskate dokonal\u00e9 vyv\u00e1\u017eenie \u0165ahu, ale obetujete n\u00e1kladov\u00fa efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 a flexibilitu kon\u0161trukcie.<\/p>\n

Strieborn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pon\u00fakaj\u00fa dokonal\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pre axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah, ale s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s vy\u0161\u0161ou v\u00fdrobnou zlo\u017eitos\u0165ou a n\u00e1kladmi. Jednoduch\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvnou a praktickou vo\u013ebou pre aplik\u00e1cie, kde sa d\u00e1 \u0165ah zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 pomocou vhodn\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk.<\/p>\n

Ako sa \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 daj\u00fa porovna\u0165 s ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdmi ozuben\u00fdmi kolesami?<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vnej v\u00fdbavy je jednoduch\u00fd. Za\u010d\u00edna to orient\u00e1ciou hriade\u013ea. S\u00fa rovnobe\u017en\u00e9 alebo sa pret\u00ednaj\u00fa? T\u00e1to jedin\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka usmern\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdber.<\/p>\n

\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 pre rovnobe\u017en\u00e9, ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 pre pret\u00ednaj\u00face sa<\/h3>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 pre paraleln\u00e9 hriadele. Ich \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby zapadaj\u00fa postupne. To zabezpe\u010duje plynul\u00fa a tich\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku.<\/p>\n

Ku\u017eelov\u00e9 prevody v\u0161ak sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa hriadele pod uhlom. S\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 na zmenu smeru prenosu v\u00fdkonu, zvy\u010dajne pod uhlom 90 stup\u0148ov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ prevodovky<\/th>\nOrient\u00e1cia hriade\u013ea<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rna v\u00fdhoda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/td>\nParaleln\u00e9<\/td>\nHladk\u00e1 a tich\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ku\u017eelov\u00fd prevod<\/td>\nPrepojenie<\/td>\nZmena smeru nap\u00e1jania<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Tento z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rozdiel je prv\u00fdm krokom pri n\u00e1vrhu prevodovky.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160ikm\u00e9
Porovnanie \u0161ikm\u00fdch a ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Ale \u010do ak potrebujete tich\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa pre kri\u017euj\u00face sa hriadele? Tu prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na rad \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1. S\u00fa ekvivalentom \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies s pret\u00ednaj\u00facimi sa osami.<\/p>\n

Vzostup \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00fdch ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch prevodov<\/h3>\n

\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pova\u017eujte za hybrid. Sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa v sebe schopnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch hriade\u013eov ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies s hladk\u00fdm z\u00e1berom \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies. Zuby s\u00fa zakriven\u00e9 a \u0161ikm\u00e9.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to kon\u0161trukcia zabezpe\u010duje, \u017ee kontakt za\u010d\u00edna na jednom konci zuba a postupne sa \u0161\u00edri po celej ploche. V\u00fdsledkom je menej vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed a hluku. Je to k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd d\u00f4vod mnoh\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies, o ktor\u00fdch \u010dasto hovor\u00edme.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie typov ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdch prevodov<\/h4>\n

V na\u0161ich projektoch v PTSMAKE \u010dasto pom\u00e1hame klientom vybra\u0165 si. Rozhodnutie medzi priamym a \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00fdm ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdm ozuben\u00fdm kolesom sa odv\u00edja od potreby v\u00fdkonu v porovnan\u00ed s n\u00e1kladmi. Pomyseln\u00fd povrch ihriska<\/a>10<\/a><\/sup> pom\u00e1ha vizualizova\u0165, ako s\u00fa tieto prevody zos\u00faladen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\nPriamy ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00fd ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Tvar zubu<\/td>\nPriamo<\/td>\nZakriven\u00e9, \u0161ikm\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oper\u00e1cia<\/td>\nHlu\u010dnej\u0161ie, viac vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/td>\nHlad\u0161ie, tich\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapacita za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Be\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie<\/td>\nJednoduch\u0161ie zariadenia s n\u00edzkou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou<\/td>\nVysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 prevodovky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 prevody s\u00fa ide\u00e1lne pre n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie. Spome\u0148te si na automobilov\u00e9 diferenci\u00e1ly alebo vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 priemyseln\u00e9 stroje.<\/p>\n

Vo\u013eba je jasn\u00e1. Pre paraleln\u00e9 hriadele pou\u017eite \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1. V pr\u00edpade pret\u00ednaj\u00facich sa hriade\u013eov, ktor\u00e9 potrebuj\u00fa hladk\u00fd a tich\u00fd prenos v\u00fdkonu, s\u00fa \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 prevody lep\u0161ou vo\u013ebou. \u0160pecifick\u00e9 usporiadanie hriade\u013ea aplik\u00e1cie ur\u010duje najlep\u0161\u00ed typ prevodovky.<\/p>\n

V ktor\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 lep\u0161ie ako \u0161nekov\u00e9?<\/h2>\n

Efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 je \u010dasto z\u00e1kladom. Pri v\u00fdbere medzi prevodovkami je to rozhoduj\u00faci faktor, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon a prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa \u0161ampi\u00f3nmi \u00fa\u010dinnosti. Na\u0161e testy ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 neust\u00e1le presahuje 95%. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa menej energie str\u00e1ca vo forme tepla.<\/p>\n

\u0160nekov\u00e9 prevody s\u00fa naopak menej \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Ich posuvn\u00fd pohyb sp\u00f4sobuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie trenie. Preto s\u00fa nevhodn\u00e9 pre aplik\u00e1cie, kde sa po\u010d\u00edta ka\u017ed\u00fd watt v\u00fdkonu. Jednou z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je tento lep\u0161\u00ed prenos energie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n\u0160nekov\u00fd prevod<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Typick\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165<\/strong><\/td>\n> 95%<\/td>\n50% - 90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdroba tepla<\/strong><\/td>\nN\u00edzka<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkonov\u00e1 priepustnos\u0165<\/strong><\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nN\u00edzka a\u017e stredn\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Viacer\u00e9
Presn\u00e9 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 na pracovnom stole<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

V\u00fdkon a riadenie tepla<\/h3>\n

Vysok\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov sa priamo premieta do lep\u0161ieho v\u00fdkonu. Dok\u00e1\u017eu zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9, nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie bez v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch str\u00e1t. V\u010faka tomu s\u00fa ide\u00e1lne pre priemyseln\u00e9 stroje, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa dlh\u00fd \u010das.<\/p>\n

Naopak, ni\u017e\u0161ia \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 \u0161nekov\u00fdch prevodov znamen\u00e1 plytvanie energiou. T\u00e1to energia sa men\u00ed na teplo. Nadmern\u00e9 teplo m\u00f4\u017ee znehodnoti\u0165 maziv\u00e1, ur\u00fdchli\u0165 opotrebovanie a m\u00f4\u017ee si dokonca vy\u017eadova\u0165 extern\u00e9 chladiace syst\u00e9my. To zvy\u0161uje zlo\u017eitos\u0165 a n\u00e1klady na kone\u010dn\u00fa kon\u0161trukciu v\u00fdrobku. V spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE \u010dasto rad\u00edme klientom v ot\u00e1zke tohto kompromisu.<\/p>\n

\u0160nekov\u00e9 prevody v\u0161ak maj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdhodu: vysok\u00e9 reduk\u010dn\u00e9 pomery v jednom stupni. Maj\u00fa tie\u017e u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 nejazdiace na chrbte<\/a>11<\/a><\/sup> charakteristick\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e nem\u00f4\u017ee poh\u00e1\u0148a\u0165 vstupn\u00fd hriade\u013e. Ide o kritick\u00fa bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fa vlastnos\u0165 v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ako s\u00fa zdv\u00edhacie zariadenia alebo v\u00fd\u0165ahy, kde je nevyhnutn\u00e9 zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu pohybu. \u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 nem\u00f4\u017eu pon\u00faknu\u0165 t\u00fato samoblokuj\u00facu schopnos\u0165 bez \u010fal\u0161\u00edch komponentov.<\/p>\n

Vhodnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Potreba aplik\u00e1cie<\/th>\nV\u00fdber \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/th>\nV\u00fdber \u0161nekov\u00e9ho prevodu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Prenos vysok\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu<\/strong><\/td>\nVynikaj\u00face<\/td>\nChudobn\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Minim\u00e1lne straty energie<\/strong><\/td>\nVynikaj\u00face<\/td>\nSlu\u0161n\u00fd a\u017e slab\u00fd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Redukcia vysok\u00e9ho prevodu<\/strong><\/td>\nVy\u017eaduje viacero et\u00e1p<\/td>\nVynikaj\u00faci (jednostup\u0148ov\u00fd)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Funkcia samo\u010dinn\u00e9ho uzamykania<\/strong><\/td>\nNie<\/td>\n\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa vynikaj\u00face pre vysoko v\u00fdkonn\u00e9, nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, kde je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. \u0160nekov\u00e9 prevody s\u00fa s\u00edce menej \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, ale s\u00fa bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00e9 pri redukcii s vysok\u00fdm prevodov\u00fdm pomerom a pri aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa ich jedine\u010dn\u00fa schopnos\u0165 samo\u010dinn\u00e9ho blokovania, \u010d\u00edm sa zabr\u00e1ni sp\u00e4tn\u00e9mu pohonu.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v praktick\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies?<\/h2>\n

V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vneho materi\u00e1lu pre \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd. Od neho z\u00e1vis\u00ed pevnos\u0165, \u017eivotnos\u0165 a celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. Nespr\u00e1vny v\u00fdber vedie k pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu zlyhaniu a n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm prestojom.<\/p>\n

Po\u017eiadavky va\u0161ej aplik\u00e1cie ur\u010duj\u00fa najlep\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l. Be\u017en\u00e9 mo\u017enosti m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 do troch hlavn\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich sl\u00fa\u017ei na odli\u0161n\u00fd \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n

Aplik\u00e1cie s vysokou z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou<\/h3>\n

Pri najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch \u00faloh\u00e1ch s\u00fa \u0161tandardom kalen\u00e9 ocele. Spome\u0148te si na automobilov\u00e9 prevodovky alebo priemyseln\u00e9 prevodovky. Zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa extr\u00e9mne nam\u00e1hanie a n\u00e1razy.<\/p>\n

Aplik\u00e1cie s miernym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm<\/h3>\n

Pre stredn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie sa dobre hodia prie\u010dne kalen\u00e9 ocele. Pon\u00fakaj\u00fa dobr\u00fa rovnov\u00e1hu medzi pevnos\u0165ou a cenou. N\u00e1jdete ich v strojn\u00fdch zariadeniach a elektrickom n\u00e1rad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aplik\u00e1cie s n\u00edzkym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm<\/h3>\n

Plasty s\u00fa ide\u00e1lne na \u013eahk\u00fa a tich\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v kancel\u00e1rskych zariadeniach a spotrebnej elektronike.<\/p>\n

Tu je stru\u010dn\u00fd preh\u013ead:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Kateg\u00f3ria materi\u00e1lu<\/th>\nBe\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00edklady<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rny pr\u00edpad pou\u017eitia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kalen\u00e1 oce\u013e<\/td>\n8620, 9310<\/td>\nVysok\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, vysok\u00fd n\u00e1raz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Skrz-naskrz kalen\u00e1 oce\u013e<\/td>\n4140, 4340<\/td>\nMierne, konzistentn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plasty<\/td>\nDelr\u00edn, nylon<\/td>\nN\u00edzka z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, n\u00edzka hlu\u010dnos\u0165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"R\u00f4zne
\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 Porovnanie r\u00f4znych materi\u00e1lov<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Po\u010fme si tieto mo\u017enosti v\u00fdberu materi\u00e1lu podrobnej\u0161ie vysvetli\u0165. V\u00fdber spr\u00e1vneho materi\u00e1lu je nevyhnutn\u00fd na dosiahnutie k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies, ako je hladk\u00fd a tich\u00fd prenos v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

Sila kalen\u00fdch ocel\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Kalen\u00e9 ocele, ako napr\u00edklad 8620 a 9310, s\u00fa pracovn\u00fdmi ko\u0148mi v priemysle. Tento proces vytv\u00e1ra ve\u013emi tvrd\u00fd vonkaj\u0161\u00ed povrch, pri\u010dom jadro zost\u00e1va tv\u00e1rne a h\u00fa\u017eevnat\u00e9. T\u00e1to dvojak\u00e1 povaha je ide\u00e1lna na zvl\u00e1danie n\u00e1razov\u00fdch za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00e9 puzdro odol\u00e1va opotrebovaniu a \u00fanave povrchu. Tvrd\u00e9 jadro absorbuje n\u00e1razy bez toho, aby sa zlomilo. Tento proces tie\u017e vytv\u00e1ra prospe\u0161n\u00e9 Zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 tlakov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie<\/a>12<\/a><\/sup> tesne pod povrchom, \u010do v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje \u00fanavov\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165. Hoci s\u00fa drah\u0161ie, ich \u017eivotnos\u0165 je pre kritick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie neporovnate\u013en\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Kalen\u00e9 ocele: V\u0161estrann\u00fd materi\u00e1l<\/h3>\n

Ocele ako 4140 a 4340 s\u00fa kalen\u00e9 rovnomerne v celom materi\u00e1li. To zabezpe\u010duje dobr\u00fa pevnos\u0165 a h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 od povrchu a\u017e po jadro. Ich tepeln\u00e9 spracovanie je menej zlo\u017eit\u00e9 ako v pr\u00edpade kalen\u00fdch ocel\u00ed.<\/p>\n

To z nich rob\u00ed n\u00e1kladovo efekt\u00edvne rie\u0161enie pre aplik\u00e1cie so stabiln\u00fdm, miernym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm. Po tepelnom spracovan\u00ed sa v porovnan\u00ed s kalen\u00fdmi oce\u013eami \u013eah\u0161ie obr\u00e1baj\u00fa. V mnoh\u00fdch projektoch v PTSMAKE je 4140 ob\u013e\u00fabenou vo\u013ebou pre svoju vynikaj\u00facu vyv\u00e1\u017eenos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Plasty: Tich\u00e9 \u00faspechy<\/h3>\n

Ak ide o hluk a hmotnos\u0165, vynikaj\u00face s\u00fa plasty ako delr\u00edn (acetal) a nylon. S\u00fa prirodzene samomazn\u00e9 a \u00fa\u010dinne tlmia vibr\u00e1cie. V\u00fdsledkom je ve\u013emi tich\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka prevodovky.<\/p>\n

S\u00fa ide\u00e1lne pre tla\u010diarne, zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia a in\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s n\u00edzkym kr\u00fatiacim momentom. Hoci nezvl\u00e1daj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, ich n\u00edzke n\u00e1klady<\/a> a odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di kor\u00f3zii ich predur\u010duj\u00fa na pou\u017eitie v \u0161pecifick\u00fdch prostrediach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Materi\u00e1l<\/th>\nK\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnostn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165<\/th>\nRelat\u00edvne n\u00e1klady<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Kalen\u00e1 oce\u013e<\/td>\nNajvy\u0161\u0161ia pevnos\u0165, odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Skrz-naskrz kalen\u00e1 oce\u013e<\/td>\nDobr\u00e1 pevnos\u0165, obrobite\u013enos\u0165<\/td>\nStredn\u00e9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plast (Delrin\/Nylon)<\/td>\nN\u00edzka hlu\u010dnos\u0165, samomazanie<\/td>\nN\u00edzka<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

V\u00fdber materi\u00e1lu je rovnov\u00e1hou medzi v\u00fdkonom, \u017eivotnos\u0165ou a n\u00e1kladmi. Kalen\u00e9 ocele pon\u00fakaj\u00fa maxim\u00e1lnu odolnos\u0165 pre \u00falohy s vysok\u00fdm nam\u00e1han\u00edm, zatia\u013e \u010do plasty poskytuj\u00fa tich\u00e9 a lacn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia pre nen\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie. Kalen\u00e9 ocele s\u00fa univerz\u00e1lnou strednou cestou.<\/p>\n

Ak\u00e9 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 parametre obsahuje typick\u00fd technick\u00fd list \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa?<\/h2>\n

\u0160pecifika\u010dn\u00fd list \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je pl\u00e1nom na v\u00fdrobu. Informuje o presnom kon\u0161truk\u010dnom z\u00e1mere. Pre mlad\u0161\u00edch in\u017einierov je zvl\u00e1dnutie t\u00fdchto pojmov prv\u00fdm krokom.<\/p>\n

Pochopenie tejto karty \u00fadajov je ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Zaru\u010duje, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u00fd diel sp\u013a\u0148a v\u0161etky po\u017eiadavky na v\u00fdkon, spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 a mont\u00e1\u017e. Jeho spr\u00e1vnym spracovan\u00edm sa vyhnete n\u00e1kladn\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 parametre, ktor\u00fdmi sa budeme zaobera\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich zohr\u00e1va rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu vo funkcii zariadenia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/th>\nFunkcia<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Modul \/ V\u00fd\u0161ka<\/td>\nDefinuje ve\u013ekos\u0165 zuba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Helix Angle & Hand<\/td>\nUr\u010duje rota\u010dn\u00fa hladkos\u0165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Materi\u00e1l a o\u0161etrenie<\/td>\nOvplyv\u0148uje pevnos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0160tandard kvality<\/td>\nZaru\u010duje presnos\u0165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"R\u00f4zne
Zobrazenie parametrov \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Ak chcete skuto\u010dne \u0161pecifikova\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koleso, mus\u00edte rozumie\u0165 jeho z\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu jazyku. Tieto parametre nie s\u00fa len \u010d\u00edsla, ale definuj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a jeho vhodnos\u0165 pre dan\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 parametre<\/h3>\n

Najz\u00e1kladnej\u0161ie parametre definuj\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 a tvar ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa.<\/p>\n

Modul alebo priemern\u00e1 rozte\u010d (DP):<\/strong> T\u00fdm sa definuje ve\u013ekos\u0165 zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. Modul je metrick\u00fd \u0161tandard (mm na zub), zatia\u013e \u010do DP je imperi\u00e1lny \u0161tandard (zuby na palec). S\u00fa v nepriamom vz\u0165ahu.<\/p>\n

Po\u010det zubov:<\/strong> Jednoduch\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtanie, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak priamo ovplyv\u0148uje prevodov\u00fd pomer a celkov\u00fd priemer.<\/p>\n

Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly a ruka:<\/strong> Uhol zubov vzh\u013eadom na os ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa. Tento uhol umo\u017e\u0148uje postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber zubov, \u010do je jedna z hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies. \"Ruka\" ur\u010duje smer uhla: doprava alebo do\u013eava.<\/p>\n

Parametre ur\u010duj\u00face v\u00fdkon<\/h3>\n

Tieto \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie ur\u010duj\u00fa, ako bude prevodovka fungova\u0165 pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tlakov\u00fd uhol:<\/strong> Ide o uhol prenosu sily medzi zubami, ktor\u00fd je be\u017ene 20 stup\u0148ov. Ovplyv\u0148uje pevnos\u0165 zubov a \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kontaktu.<\/p>\n

\u0160\u00edrka tv\u00e1re:<\/strong> \u0160\u00edrka zubu ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa pozd\u013a\u017e osi. \u0160ir\u0161ia \u010deln\u00e1 plocha zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uje kontaktn\u00fa plochu, \u010d\u00edm sa zlep\u0161uje nosnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Materi\u00e1l a tepeln\u00e9 spracovanie:<\/strong> V\u00fdber materi\u00e1lu, napr\u00edklad legovanej ocele, ur\u010duje pevnos\u0165 prevodovky. Tepeln\u00e9 \u00fapravy, ako napr. nauhli\u010dovanie<\/a>13<\/a><\/sup>, \u010falej zvy\u0161uj\u00fa povrchov\u00fa tvrdos\u0165 pre odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu pri zachovan\u00ed tv\u00e1rneho jadra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lie\u010dba<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rna v\u00fdhoda<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Uhli\u010dovanie<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 tvrdos\u0165 povrchu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nitridovanie<\/td>\nDobr\u00e1 odolnos\u0165 proti opotrebovaniu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vytvrdzovanie<\/td>\nRovnomern\u00e1 pevnos\u0165 jadra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Norma kvality:<\/strong> V\u00fdrobn\u00e9 tolerancie definuj\u00fa normy ako AGMA alebo ISO. Napr\u00edklad norma AGMA Q10 stanovuje vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 presnosti pre n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1dnutie t\u00fdchto z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch parametrov je z\u00e1kladom. V\u010faka nemu sa zoznam \u010d\u00edsel zmen\u00ed na jasn\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00fd n\u00e1vod, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd \u0161ikm\u00fd prevod bude fungova\u0165 presne pod\u013ea n\u00e1vrhu. Tieto znalosti s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9mu obstar\u00e1vaniu a in\u017einierstvu.<\/p>\n

V \u010dom sa po\u017eiadavky na mazanie l\u00ed\u0161ia od \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies?<\/h2>\n

Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee mazanie \u0161ikm\u00fdch a \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies je rovnak\u00e9. Obe potrebuj\u00fa olej na zn\u00ed\u017eenie trenia a odvod tepla.<\/p>\n

Kon\u0161trukcia \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies v\u0161ak prin\u00e1\u0161a kritick\u00fd rozdiel. Ich \u0161ikm\u00e9 zuby vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa posuvn\u00fd pohyb pri vz\u00e1jomnom zasek\u00e1van\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Toto k\u013azanie vytv\u00e1ra v\u00fdrazne viac lok\u00e1lneho tepla. Tento faktor je rozhoduj\u00faci pri v\u00fdbere spr\u00e1vneho maziva. Je to k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 h\u013eadisko pre realiz\u00e1ciu dlhodob\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov.<\/p>\n

Porovnanie mazacieho faktora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\n\u010celn\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/th>\n\u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Prim\u00e1rny kontakt<\/td>\nRolling<\/td>\nValcovanie a pos\u00favanie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdroba tepla<\/td>\nMierne<\/td>\nVysok\u00e1 (lokalizovan\u00e1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Nam\u00e1hanie mazivom<\/td>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie<\/td>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Podrobn\u00fd
Po\u017eiadavky na mazanie \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Vplyv k\u013azania na mazanie<\/h3>\n

Nepretr\u017eit\u00fd posuvn\u00fd pohyb medzi zubami \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa enormne za\u0165a\u017euje ochrann\u00fd film maziva. To sa z\u00e1sadne l\u00ed\u0161i od prim\u00e1rne valiv\u00e9ho kontaktu, ktor\u00fd sa vyskytuje v \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Tento intenz\u00edvny tlak a trenie m\u00f4\u017eu r\u00fdchlo zni\u010di\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 mazivo. Ke\u010f film zlyh\u00e1, d\u00f4jde k priamemu kontaktu kovu s kovom, \u010do vedie k vzniku otrepov, jamiek a pr\u00edpadn\u00e9mu zlyhaniu prevodovky. To je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do univerz\u00e1lny pr\u00edstup k mazaniu ozuben\u00fdch kolies nefunguje.<\/p>\n

Potreba \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch maz\u00edv<\/h4>\n

Pri \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodoch, najm\u00e4 pri aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s vysok\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom alebo vysok\u00fdmi r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami, mus\u00edme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 maziv\u00e1 s vy\u0161\u0161ou pevnos\u0165ou filmu. T\u00e1to vlastnos\u0165 zabezpe\u010duje zachovanie pevnej ochrannej vrstvy medzi zubami ozuben\u00fdch kolies aj pri intenz\u00edvnom tlaku.<\/p>\n

Pri najn\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch projektoch v spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE \u010dasto \u0161pecifikujeme maziv\u00e1 obsahuj\u00face Pr\u00edsady pre extr\u00e9mne tlaky (EP)<\/a>14<\/a><\/sup>. Tieto zl\u00fa\u010deniny chemicky reaguj\u00fa s kovov\u00fdmi povrchmi za tepla a tlaku.<\/p>\n

Pri tejto reakcii sa vytvor\u00ed obetn\u00fd film podobn\u00fd mydlu. T\u00e1to vrstva zabra\u0148uje katastrofick\u00e9mu zv\u00e1raniu a vzniku otrepov, ak sa prim\u00e1rny olejov\u00fd film na chv\u00ed\u013eu naru\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vlastnosti maziva pre \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Vlastnos\u0165 maziva<\/th>\nV\u00fdznam pre \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1<\/th>\nPre\u010do je to potrebn\u00e9<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Sila filmu<\/strong><\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nOdol\u00e1va rozpadu pri posuvnom tlaku.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
EP adit\u00edva<\/strong><\/td>\nKritick\u00e9 (vysok\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie)<\/td>\nZabra\u0148uje zadieraniu pri kontakte s kovom.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tepeln\u00e1 stabilita<\/strong><\/td>\nVysok\u00e1<\/td>\nZvl\u00e1dne lok\u00e1lne teplo z trenia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pri posuvnom p\u00f4soben\u00ed \u0161ikm\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch kolies vznik\u00e1 viac tepla a tlaku ako pri \u010deln\u00fdch ozuben\u00fdch koles\u00e1ch. To si vy\u017eaduje maziv\u00e1 s vynikaj\u00facou pevnos\u0165ou filmu a pri n\u00e1ro\u010dnom pou\u017eit\u00ed aj pr\u00edsady do extr\u00e9mnych tlakov (EP), ktor\u00e9 zabra\u0148uj\u00fa pred\u010dasn\u00e9mu opotrebovaniu a zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku.<\/p>\n

Ako navrhn\u00fa\u0165 puzdro, aby spr\u00e1vne podopieralo \u0161ikm\u00fa prevodovku?<\/h2>\n

Pri navrhovan\u00ed puzdra pre \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 nie je tuhos\u0165 odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm, ale absol\u00fatnou po\u017eiadavkou. Puzdro tvor\u00ed z\u00e1klad celej zostavy.<\/p>\n

Mus\u00ed by\u0165 dostato\u010dne tuh\u00fd, aby udr\u017eal presn\u00fa polohu hriade\u013ea pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch za\u0165a\u017eeniach. To zah\u0155\u0148a radi\u00e1lne sily aj v\u00fdznamn\u00fd axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah, ktor\u00fd je pre \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u00fd. Ak\u00fdko\u013evek ohyb m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k okam\u017eit\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom.<\/p>\n

Kritick\u00e9 cesty za\u0165a\u017eenia<\/h3>\n

Tuh\u00e9 puzdro poskytuje pevn\u00fa dr\u00e1hu pre sily. Bezpe\u010dne ich vedie od prevodov cez lo\u017eisk\u00e1 do r\u00e1mu stroja.<\/p>\n

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 aspekty tuhosti<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ sily<\/th>\nPrim\u00e1rna v\u00fdzva<\/th>\nD\u00f4sledok n\u00edzkej tuhosti<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Radi\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie<\/strong><\/td>\nHriadele sa sna\u017eia od seba vzdiali\u0165<\/td>\nNes\u00faosos\u0165, za\u0165a\u017eenie hr\u00e1n zubov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah<\/strong><\/td>\nHriadele sa sna\u017eia pohybova\u0165 do str\u00e1n<\/td>\nPorucha lo\u017eiska, radenie prevodov\u00fdch stup\u0148ov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Priemyseln\u00e1
Zostava skrine presn\u00e9ho \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Nedostato\u010dn\u00e1 tuhos\u0165 skrine je hlavnou pr\u00ed\u010dinou pred\u010dasn\u00e9ho zlyhania prevodovky. Aj mikroskopick\u00e9 vych\u00fdlenie pri za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed spust\u00ed de\u0161trukt\u00edvnu re\u0165azov\u00fa reakciu.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa puzdro oh\u00fdba, hriadele sa vych\u00fdlia z osi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zuby ozuben\u00fdch kolies sa u\u017e nezasek\u00e1vaj\u00fa v celej \u0161\u00edrke ich \u010delnej plochy, ako to bolo zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9 v kon\u0161trukcii.<\/p>\n

Kask\u00e1da zlyhan\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Namiesto toho sa za\u0165a\u017eenie s\u00fastred\u00ed na mal\u00fa oblas\u0165 zuba, \u010dasto na samom okraji. T\u00fdm sa vytv\u00e1ra obrovsk\u00fd lokalizovan\u00fd tlak a vysok\u00e1 Koncentr\u00e1cia nap\u00e4tia<\/a>15<\/a><\/sup>. V\u00fdsledkom je r\u00fdchla tvorba jamiek, zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 opotrebovanie a nakoniec zlomenie zuba.<\/p>\n

\u00daloha puzdra pri riaden\u00ed axi\u00e1lneho \u0165ahu je rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1. Mus\u00ed zabezpe\u010di\u0165 nepoddajn\u00fa cestu za\u0165a\u017eenia t\u00fdchto s\u00edl do r\u00e1mu stroja. Ak sa t\u00e1to dr\u00e1ha ohne, cel\u00e1 zostava prevodovky a hriade\u013ea sa m\u00f4\u017ee posun\u00fa\u0165, \u010d\u00edm sa zni\u010d\u00ed navrhnut\u00fd kontaktn\u00fd vzor.<\/p>\n

Dosiahnutie tejto tuhosti je nevyhnutn\u00e9 na pln\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie potenci\u00e1lu v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov, ako je tich\u00e1 a plynul\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka.<\/p>\n

Odklon a jeho d\u00f4sledky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Typ vych\u00fdlenia<\/th>\nOkam\u017eit\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok<\/th>\nKone\u010dn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob zlyhania<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Oh\u00fdbanie<\/strong><\/td>\nNes\u00faosos\u0165 hriade\u013ea<\/td>\nDierkovanie, l\u00e1manie zubov<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Twisting<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0160ikm\u00e1 sie\u0165 ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/td>\nNerovnomern\u00e9 opotrebovanie, hluk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Axi\u00e1lna flexibilita<\/strong><\/td>\nAxi\u00e1lny pohyb ozuben\u00fdch kolies<\/td>\nPre\u0165a\u017eenie lo\u017eiska, zadretie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Stru\u010dne povedan\u00e9, tuhos\u0165 puzdra je neoddiskutovate\u013en\u00e1. Mus\u00ed zabra\u0148ova\u0165 deform\u00e1ci\u00e1m sp\u00f4soben\u00fdm radi\u00e1lnym aj axi\u00e1lnym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm, aby sa zachovala s\u00faosovos\u0165 prevodovky. Tuh\u00e9 puzdro je z\u00e1kladom odoln\u00e9ho a spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodoviek.<\/p>\n

Analyzujte prevodovku elektrick\u00e9ho vozidla: Pre\u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161ikm\u00e9 prevody?<\/h2>\n

Aplikujme to na modern\u00fa pr\u00edpadov\u00fa \u0161t\u00fadiu: prevodovku elektromobilu. Elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa jedine\u010dn\u00e9 prostredie pre prevodovky.<\/p>\n

Ich motory sa ot\u00e1\u010daj\u00fa neuverite\u013ene vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou. To predstavuje pre prevodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00fdzvu.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzva vysok\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dok<\/h3>\n

Motory EV m\u00f4\u017eu \u013eahko prekro\u010di\u0165 15 000 ot\u00e1\u010dok za min\u00fatu. Prevody musia tieto r\u00fdchlosti spo\u013eahlivo zvl\u00e1da\u0165. \u0160ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 pre tieto vysok\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m ticha<\/h3>\n

Bez hlasit\u00e9ho spa\u013eovacieho motora s\u00fa ostatn\u00e9 zvuky ve\u013emi cite\u013en\u00e9. Kv\u00edlenie prevodovky sa m\u00f4\u017ee sta\u0165 dominantn\u00fdm zvukom, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje z\u00e1\u017eitok z jazdy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Funkcia<\/th>\nSpa\u013eovac\u00ed motor (ICE)<\/th>\nElektrick\u00e9 vozidlo (EV)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Prim\u00e1rny hluk<\/td>\nSpa\u013eovanie motora a v\u00fdfukov\u00e9 plyny<\/td>\nKv\u00edlenie motora a prevodovky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Typick\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky<\/td>\n1,000 - 7,000<\/td>\n0 - 20,000+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd cie\u013e prevodovky<\/td>\nRiadenie kr\u00fatiaceho momentu naprie\u010d prevodov\u00fdmi stup\u0148ami<\/td>\nVysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 redukcia a tich\u00fd chod<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\"Modern\u00e1
\u0160pir\u00e1lov\u00fd prevodov\u00fd syst\u00e9m pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidlo nie s\u00fa tichos\u0165 a vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fd v\u00fdkon \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov len v\u00fdhodou. S\u00fa to z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\n

Zos\u00faladenie r\u00fdchlosti motora a o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed vodi\u010da<\/h3>\n

Hlavnou \u00falohou prevodovky EV je jednor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 redukcia. Mus\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinne zni\u017eova\u0165 vysok\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky motora na pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky kolesa.<\/p>\n

Hladk\u00fd, postupn\u00fd z\u00e1ber zubov \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa je na t\u00fato \u00falohu ide\u00e1lny. Minimalizuje vibr\u00e1cie a straty v\u00fdkonu pri r\u00fdchlostiach, pri ktor\u00fdch by boli \u010deln\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 hlu\u010dn\u00e9 a neefekt\u00edvne. Vysok\u00fd pomer kontaktov<\/a>16<\/a><\/sup> je v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorom tohto v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

In\u017einierstvo pre tich\u00fa jazdu<\/h3>\n

V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich projektoch spolo\u010dnosti PTSMAKE sme videli, ak\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je pre na\u0161ich klientov z automobilov\u00e9ho priemyslu zn\u00ed\u017eenie hluku. Vodi\u010d pr\u00e9miov\u00e9ho elektromobilu o\u010dak\u00e1va takmer nehlu\u010dn\u00fa kab\u00ednu.<\/p>\n

Jednou z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov je ich prirodzen\u00e1 tichos\u0165. \u0160ikm\u00e9 zuby sa sk\u00f4r k\u013a\u017eu do kontaktu, ne\u017e aby sa n\u00e1hle zasek\u00e1vali. To zabra\u0148uje vysok\u00e9mu kv\u00edleniu, ktor\u00e9 je be\u017en\u00e9 pri in\u00fdch typoch prevodov. Dosiahnutie tejto \u00farovne tichosti si vy\u017eaduje mimoriadnu presnos\u0165 v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdhody \u0161ikm\u00e9ho ozubenia<\/th>\n\u0160pecifick\u00e1 po\u017eiadavka pre elektromobily<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00e1 schopnos\u0165<\/td>\n\u00da\u010dinne sa prisp\u00f4sobuje extr\u00e9mnym ot\u00e1\u010dkam motora.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Tich\u00e1 prev\u00e1dzka<\/td>\nEliminuje kv\u00edlenie prevodovky v tichej kab\u00edne.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Plynul\u00fd prenos energie<\/td>\nPoskytuje bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok z jazdy.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vysok\u00e1 nosnos\u0165<\/td>\nZvl\u00e1dne okam\u017eit\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment elektromotorov.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pod\u013ea na\u0161ich sk\u00fasenost\u00ed je kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon rovnako d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd ako v\u00fdroba, tak aj dizajn. Vysoko presn\u00e9 CNC obr\u00e1banie je rozhoduj\u00face pre v\u00fdrobu ozuben\u00fdch kolies, ktor\u00e9 sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa pr\u00edsne tolerancie po\u017eadovan\u00e9 pre aplik\u00e1cie EV.<\/p>\n

Pre elektrick\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 s\u00fa rozhoduj\u00face vysok\u00e9 r\u00fdchlosti a n\u00edzka hlu\u010dnos\u0165 \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodoviek. Priamo rie\u0161ia v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s vysok\u00fdmi ot\u00e1\u010dkami motora a potrebou tichej kab\u00edny, v\u010faka \u010domu s\u00fa z\u00e1kladnou po\u017eiadavkou na modern\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 hnacie \u00fastrojenstvo.<\/p>\n

Navrhnite prevodovku pre konkr\u00e9tny v\u00fdkon, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a prevodov\u00fd pomer.<\/h2>\n

Preve\u010fme te\u00f3riu do praxe. Be\u017enou \u00falohou je navrhn\u00fa\u0165 prevodov\u00fa s\u00fapravu pre konkr\u00e9tne prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 potreby. Toto cvi\u010denie sp\u00e1ja na\u0161e predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face diskusie do re\u00e1lneho scen\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Budeme rie\u0161i\u0165 zjednodu\u0161en\u00fa kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdzvu. Cie\u013eom je zisti\u0165, ako sa po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky premietnu priamo do \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed ozuben\u00fdch kolies a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov sily.<\/p>\n

Dizajnov\u00e1 v\u00fdzva<\/h3>\n

Tu s\u00fa po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 parametre n\u00e1\u0161ho jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/th>\nHodnota<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
V\u00fdkon motora<\/td>\n10 kW<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ot\u00e1\u010dky motora<\/td>\n3000 OT\u00c1\u010cOK ZA MIN\u00daTU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Prevodov\u00fd pomer<\/td>\n3:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Na\u0161ou \u00falohou je vybra\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 parametre prevodovky. Potom vypo\u010d\u00edtame v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 sily, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1m pom\u00f4\u017eu pri v\u00fdbere lo\u017eiska.<\/p>\n

\"Dva
Pr\u00edklad kon\u0161trukcie \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9ho prevodov\u00e9ho s\u00fakolesia<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n

Krok 1: V\u00fdber typu prevodovky a po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdch parametrov<\/h3>\n

Pre t\u00fato aplik\u00e1ciu pou\u017eijeme \u0161ikm\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1. Hlavn\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami \u0161ikm\u00fdch prevodov s\u00fa hlad\u0161\u00ed prenos v\u00fdkonu a tich\u0161ia prev\u00e1dzka, \u010do s\u00fa \u010dasto kritick\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky v presn\u00fdch strojoch.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klade sk\u00fasenost\u00ed z minul\u00fdch projektov PTSMAKE m\u00f4\u017eeme za\u010da\u0165 s niektor\u00fdmi po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fdmi predpokladmi pre n\u00e1vrh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Parameter<\/th>\nPredpokladan\u00e1 hodnota<\/th>\nOd\u00f4vodnenie<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Modul (m)<\/td>\n2.5<\/td>\nBe\u017en\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 pre t\u00fato \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdkonu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uhol \u0161pir\u00e1ly (\u03b2)<\/td>\n15 stup\u0148ov<\/td>\nVyva\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 a axi\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zuby pastorka (Zp)<\/td>\n22<\/td>\nDobr\u00fd v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fd bod, aby ste sa vyhli podhodnoteniu.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 (Zg)<\/td>\n66<\/td>\nNa dosiahnutie pomeru 3:1 (Zg = Zp * 3).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Krok 2: V\u00fdpo\u010det s\u00edl<\/h3>\n

Teraz vypo\u010d\u00edtame sily p\u00f4sobiace na ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1. To je rozhoduj\u00face pre overenie kon\u0161trukcie a v\u00fdber \u010fal\u0161\u00edch komponentov. Najprv zist\u00edme tangenci\u00e1lnu silu (Ft) p\u00f4sobiacu na pastorky.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det mus\u00ed potvrdi\u0165, \u017ee zuby prevodovky zvl\u00e1dnu za\u0165a\u017eenie. Mus\u00edme zabezpe\u010di\u0165, aby kon\u0161trukcia neprekro\u010dila pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie materi\u00e1lu. nap\u00e4tie v ohybe<\/a>17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f pozn\u00e1me tangenci\u00e1lnu silu, m\u00f4\u017eeme zisti\u0165 axi\u00e1lny \u0165ah (Fa).<\/p>\n