{"id":7249,"date":"2025-04-09T20:24:27","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T12:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=7249"},"modified":"2025-04-08T20:24:47","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T12:24:47","slug":"316-stainless-steel-machining-expert-tips-for-precision-savings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/316-stainless-steel-machining-expert-tips-for-precision-savings\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316: \u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a 303) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>303<\/td>\n<td>70-78%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>304<\/td>\n<td>45-55%<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>316<\/td>\n<td>35-45%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 303: \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 303 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641 (0.15-0.35%) \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 303 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 40% \u0645\u0646 304.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628 304 \u0648316. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 303 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>304 (\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 18-8 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.machiningdoctor.com\/machinability\/\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 303 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 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\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 316L \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 (sfm)<\/th>\n<th>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316L<\/td>\n<td>1\u00d7 (\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633)<\/td>\n<td>100-300<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>304 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304<\/td>\n<td>1.2\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>100-325<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644 316L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 4140<\/td>\n<td>2.5\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>200-350<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6061 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 6061<\/td>\n<td>8\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>500-1000<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>6\u00d7<\/td>\n<td>400-800<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 316L<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 316L \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 316L. \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a HSS \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/strong>: \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0640 316L.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a TiAlN \u0648 AlCrN \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 316L.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644 316L:<\/p>\n<h5>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong>: \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 30-40% \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>: \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h5>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 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\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 316. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 304 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 18% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u06488% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 316 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2-3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a 316 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 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\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>304 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304<\/th>\n<th>316 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0%<\/td>\n<td>2-3%<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a 316 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a 304 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.08% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<td>0.08% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>18-20%<\/td>\n<td>16-18%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 20-30% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 304 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 316\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>304 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 304<\/th>\n<th>316 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (SFM)<\/td>\n<td>250-350<\/td>\n<td>200-300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 (SFM)<\/td>\n<td>300-400<\/td>\n<td>250-350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 (SFM)<\/td>\n<td>70-100<\/td>\n<td>50-80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 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\u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/strong>: \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 (CBN)<\/strong>: \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (PCD)<\/strong>: \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 TiAlN (\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f) \u0623\u0648 AlCrN (\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629 5-15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 8-12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0630) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong>: \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (SFM)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (IPR)<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>100-200<\/td>\n<td>0.005-0.015<\/td>\n<td>0.050-0.200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>200-350<\/td>\n<td>0.002-0.005<\/td>\n<td>0.010-0.050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>60-100<\/td>\n<td>0.002-0.006<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631<\/td>\n<td>30-60<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628<\/strong>: \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627  <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 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\u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 Inconel\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b Inconel 718\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ptsmake2025.04.08-1913Precision-CNC-Machining-Process.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 CNC \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 Inconel \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 Inconel \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 Inconel \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 Inconel \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 - \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 Inconel \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 Inconel \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: \u0627\u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 Inconel \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30-50% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 Inconel \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 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\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635)<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 60% \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 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CBN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 Hastelloy\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 Inconel \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 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\u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/strong>: \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a - \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 - \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 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\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 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316<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u0650\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 Ra (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 Ra (\u03bcin)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.4 - 3.2<\/td>\n<td>16 - 125<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.8 \u2013 3.2<\/td>\n<td>32 - 125<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.1 - 0.8<\/td>\n<td>4 - 32<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0641<\/td>\n<td>0.05 - 0.4<\/td>\n<td>2 - 16<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>0.025 - 0.2<\/td>\n<td>1 \u2013 8<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 316 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0632<\/strong>: \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/strong>: \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>: \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: Ra 0.1 - 0.2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: Ra 0.2-0.4 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/strong>: Ra 0.4-0.8 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (10-14%). \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304 (8-10.5% \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627). \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 20-30% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 304 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3-4 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (316 SS = 100%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>316 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/td>\n<td>100%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304<\/td>\n<td>70-80%<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 6061<\/td>\n<td>30-40%<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1045<\/td>\n<td>25-35%<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 C360<\/td>\n<td>60-70%<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/td>\n<td>300-400%<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.enerpac.com\/machinability-rating-and-chart-download\/\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0628\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong>: \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0635\u0645\u063a\u064a<\/strong>: \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 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src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ptsmake2025.04.08-1918CNC-Machining-Process.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 316 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a HSS<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 316 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (HSS). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 TiAlN \u0623\u0648 AlTiN \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cermet\">\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 (5-15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d (10-12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 40% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (SFM)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (IPR)<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>100-150<\/td>\n<td>0.005-0.010<\/td>\n<td>0.050-0.200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>150-200<\/td>\n<td>0.003-0.007<\/td>\n<td>0.020-0.050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>200-250<\/td>\n<td>0.001-0.003<\/td>\n<td>0.005-0.020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 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\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a CNC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 316 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (MQL) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 (\u0645\u0645)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1.0 - 3.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>0.3 - 0.8<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>0.1 - 0.3<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_expansion\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30%<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Are you struggling to choose the right stainless steel grade for your project? The wrong choice could lead to premature corrosion, product failure, or unsafe conditions, especially in harsh environments. 316 stainless steel offers exceptional corrosion resistance, particularly against chlorides and acids. It maintains strength at high temperatures, resists pitting, and provides excellent durability in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"316 Stainless Steel Machining: Expert Tips for Precision & Savings","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover expert tips for precision in 316 stainless steel machining, compare with 304, and learn how to minimize costs while enhancing performance.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7249"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7281,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7249\/revisions\/7281"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7249"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7249"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}