{"id":7226,"date":"2025-04-08T18:41:31","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T10:41:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=7226"},"modified":"2025-04-08T18:41:31","modified_gmt":"2025-04-08T10:41:31","slug":"plastic-vs-metal-intake-manifolds-ultimate-guide-to-hp-cost-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/plastic-vs-metal-intake-manifolds-ultimate-guide-to-hp-cost-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ptsmake2025.04.07-2304Plastic-Vs-Metal-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 - \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 30-50%. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>15-20 \u0631\u0637\u0644\u0627\u064b (6.8-9.1 \u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td>5-10 \u0623\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0644 (2.3-4.5 \u0643\u062c\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>50-60% \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0629 50-60%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R-value_(insulation)\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 500-1000 \u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Polyamide\">\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong>: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/strong>: \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u062a\/\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)<\/th>\n<th>\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td>50-80<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>120-235<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 6\/6 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 30%<\/td>\n<td>0.30<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 6\/6 \u0645\u0639 33% \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 33%<\/td>\n<td>0.36<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a 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\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 HP \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>4 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>10-20 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V6<\/td>\n<td>15-25 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>V8<\/td>\n<td>20-35 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>25-40+ \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 32 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 V8 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong>: \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0643. \u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630<\/strong>: \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumetric_efficiency\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 $400-1T12T12T12T1,200\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 15-35 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 $25-40 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646 - \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 $1,500-$3,000)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td>\n<td>$400-$1,200<\/td>\n<td>15-35 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$25T25-40\/HP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>$500-$1,500<\/td>\n<td>5-20 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$75-175-100\/HP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>$300-$700<\/td>\n<td>10-25 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$30-70\/HP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>$800-$2,000<\/td>\n<td>20-50 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>$40-80\/HP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>$2,000-$5,000<\/td>\n<td>50-150 \u062d\u0635\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>$33T33-50\/HP<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 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\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/strong>: \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0630\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/strong>: \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong> - \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/strong> - \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong> - \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 ($30-60)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 ($100-200)<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 ($150-300)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Choosing the wrong material for your intake manifold can lead to engine performance issues, heat management problems, and reduced fuel efficiency. Many engineers struggle with this decision because the material directly impacts how air flows into your engine, affecting everything from power to fuel consumption. For intake manifolds, aluminum is generally the best material choice [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7262,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Plastic vs Metal Intake Manifolds: Ultimate Guide to HP, Cost & Design","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover the best materials for intake manifolds to boost engine performance. Learn why aluminum, composites, and steel are top choices for efficiency.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7226","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7226","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7226"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7226\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7270,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7226\/revisions\/7270"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7226"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7226"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7226"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}