{"id":5225,"date":"2025-03-04T20:05:11","date_gmt":"2025-03-04T12:05:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=5225"},"modified":"2025-05-01T10:14:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T02:14:49","slug":"what-does-anodizing-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-does-anodizing-do\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 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src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.28-2050-CNC-Machined-Metal-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/psec.uchicago.edu\/Papers\/Chemical_Reviews_Anodic_oxide_films_on_aluminum.pdf\">\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 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PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 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src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.28-1934Anodized-CNC-Machined-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\/\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a: \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d: \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0629 (0.0004 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 - 0.0007 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629): \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 (0.0007 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 - 0.001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629): \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 (0.001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0642): \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 III<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f (0.002 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 - 0.004 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629): \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a: \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 III: \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (CARC): \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a 595<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647\u062a\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u063a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.5V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u00b1 30 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u00b12\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u00b10.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 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\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.28-1938Precision-CNC-Machined-Metal-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mileschemicalsolutions.com\/\">\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>20-30\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/td>\n<td>30-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>8.5-9.5<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>20\u00b11\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u00b11\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1.5 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td>\n<td>\u00b1 0.2 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0645\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u00b1 2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 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10-15%<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 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\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.0-3.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a 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\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/chem.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps\/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)\/Physical_Properties_of_Matter\/Solutions_and_Mixtures\/Solution_Basics\/Electrolyte_Solutions\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.0004\" - 0.001\"<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<td>0.001\" - 0.004\"<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 65-70 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 Rockwell C\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 40-45. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/td>\n<td>250-500 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062a\u0649 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062a\u0649 200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 20-30% 20-30%<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>70\u00b0F<\/td>\n<td>32\u00b0F<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-20 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>25-50 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>30-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>60-120 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 (\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u063a\u0629)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a 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\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.28-2057Precision-Machined-Components-Display.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/electrochemical-process\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d (\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 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\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>65-95 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644<\/td>\n<td>250-400 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 I<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 (0.00002-0.0001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (0.0002-0.001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 III (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 (0.001-0.004 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 CNC<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>6061<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7075<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2024<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 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id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeffHave you ever noticed how some metal parts quickly become dull, scratched, or corroded? In the manufacturing industry, I often see clients frustrated when their beautiful aluminum components lose their luster or deteriorate after just a few months of use. Anodizing creates a durable, corrosion-resistant oxide layer on metal surfaces through an electrochemical process. This [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5228,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Transform Metals with Durable Anodized Aluminum Parts","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover how anodizing transforms metal surfaces into durable, corrosion-resistant, and aesthetically pleasing components for industry-leading performance.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-surface-finishes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5225"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5225\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7475,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5225\/revisions\/7475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5225"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}