{"id":5148,"date":"2025-03-02T20:22:33","date_gmt":"2025-03-02T12:22:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=5148"},"modified":"2025-05-01T10:14:49","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T02:14:49","slug":"is-cast-aluminum-better-than-regular-aluminum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/is-cast-aluminum-better-than-regular-aluminum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.6 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2.9 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>660-720\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>150-180 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645 - \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>16-20 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\/\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/ermak.com\/metal-solidification-process\/\">\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>2. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>66% \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>2. \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>3. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0627\u062b<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u064a A356\/A357 (\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648319 (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629)\u060c \u0648713 (\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629). \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.27-2303Precision-CNC-Machined-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0650\u0637\u064e\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 A356\/A357: \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>A356 \u0648 A357 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13640461.2020.1864928\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>A356 (%)<\/th>\n<th>A357 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>6.5-7.5<\/td>\n<td>6.5-7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.25-0.45<\/td>\n<td>0.45-0.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>0.2 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<td>0.2 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.2 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<td>0.2 \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>319 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 319 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 319 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 713: \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 713 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>A356\/A357<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td>319<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>713<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 A356 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 713 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>319 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>T6<\/td>\n<td>A356\u060c A357<\/td>\n<td>30-40%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T5<\/td>\n<td>713<\/td>\n<td>15-20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>T7<\/td>\n<td>319<\/td>\n<td>25-35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A356\/A357: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/li>\n<li>319: \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649<\/li>\n<li>713: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<br \/>\n\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td>A356<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>319<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>713<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.semanticscholar.org\/paper\/Geometry-Freedom-in-Geometric-Computation%E2%80%94Towards-Ghali\/bbd49536798e2d44fb24394faccd2480e4e0eef3\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.0005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (Ra)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>125-300 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>16-125 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>250-900 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>$10\u060c000 - $100\u060c000<\/td>\n<td>3,000 - 5,000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>$0 - $1,000<\/td>\n<td>1 - 500<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 90%\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 30-40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>2-4 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>30-60 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1-3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>10-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.27-2359CNC-Machined-And-Molded-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629. \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0634\u0646<\/td>\n<td>80-120<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>240-400<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>800-1200<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1500+<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anodizing\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642 (0.00002-0.0001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (0.0001-0.001 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 (0.001-0.004 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 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\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/omnexus.specialchem.com\/polymer-property\/shrinkage\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>15-25% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646<\/td>\n<td>15-25%<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-20%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644<\/td>\n<td>5-15%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-20%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>2-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>20-30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1-2 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>15-25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>6 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td>5-15%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>10-15%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>5-10%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>8-12%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>5-8%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.27-2320Precision-CNC-Machined-Aluminum-Part.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 A356 \u0648 A380 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gfai.de\/en\/solutions\/image-processing\/das-dendrite-arm-spacing\">\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0630\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Precipitation_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 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\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/processes-of-metallurgy\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0633 18001\/ISO 45001<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 PMI<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NDT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td>3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CQI-9<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CQI-11<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 27001<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 NIST<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 4.0<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeffWhen choosing between aluminum materials, I often see engineers struggle with the cast vs. regular aluminum decision. Many have wasted time and money on the wrong choice, leading to failed projects and costly rework. Cast aluminum and regular (wrought) aluminum each have their distinct advantages. Cast aluminum offers better complex shapes and is more cost-effective [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5149,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Cast vs. Regular Aluminum: Key Differences Explained","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover key differences between cast and regular aluminum. Choose wisely to avoid costly rework with insights from PTSMAKE's manufacturing experience.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5148","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5148"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7479,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5148\/revisions\/7479"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5149"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5148"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}