{"id":4831,"date":"2025-02-17T20:26:52","date_gmt":"2025-02-17T12:26:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=4831"},"modified":"2025-05-01T10:09:46","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T02:09:46","slug":"what-is-1018-steel-used-for","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-is-1018-steel-used-for\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u061f \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.16-1013Precision-Machined-Metal-Parts.webp\" alt=\"1018 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018\"><figcaption>1018 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1018\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1018 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 C15 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a) \u0648S15C (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u064815# (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.15-0.20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/9049ce02-f36c-4eb9-8ee5-aaf5c1acaa0d.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1018\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metallurgyfordummies.com\/properties-of-metal.html\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.0.050%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>C15 (EN 10084)<\/li>\n<li>1.0401 (DIN)<\/li>\n<li>080M15 (BS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>S15C (JIS G4051 - \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>15# (GB\/T 699 - \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>SM20C (KS D3752 - \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0640:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td>440-490 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>370-420 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>15-20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>126-167 \u0647\u0640 \u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (SFM)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (IPR)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>350-400<\/td>\n<td>0.005-0.015<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td>300-350<\/td>\n<td>0.004-0.012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>250-300<\/td>\n<td>0.006-0.012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 A36 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.16-1025-Precision-CNC-Machined-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.20%<\/td>\n<td>0.25-0.29%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90%<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040%<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.0.050%<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.0.050%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yield_(engineering)\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td>63,800 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>58,000-80,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>53,700 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>36,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>15%<\/td>\n<td>20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 A36. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0637\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>5-10 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>15-20 \u0633\u0646\u0629*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-15 \u0633\u0646\u0629*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>* \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 1018:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<td>2-3 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<td>1-2 \u0633\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>6-12 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c 1018 \u0623\u0645 4140 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u06484140. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644 B70-B85\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 C28-C40 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 C54-C59 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/40c09772-1cb6-46f3-8cb1-031708d28e27.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u06484140\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u06484140 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\/metallurgical-structure\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.20<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h4>\n<p>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644 B70-B85 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644 C28-C40 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 C54-C59 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<h5>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u06484140\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0623\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a 316 \u0648304. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 (10.5% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.16-1021Stainless-Steel-Grades-Table.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Passivation_(chemistry)\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>316<\/td>\n<td>16-18%<\/td>\n<td>10-14%<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3687d8fe-6264-46fc-94a2-c66ac07b0299.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a 1018 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 0.18% \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td>440 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>370 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>126 \u0647\u0640 \u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.18%<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (SFM)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (IPR)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u0646<\/td>\n<td>350-400<\/td>\n<td>0.012-0.020<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>400-450<\/td>\n<td>0.004-0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/td>\n<td>400-500<\/td>\n<td>0.006-0.012<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>350-400<\/td>\n<td>0.004-0.008<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645 Ra \u0645\u0646 32-63 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645 Ra \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 16-32 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>TiAlN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td>TiCN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 HSS-Co<\/td>\n<td>TiN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>8\/10<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>7\/10<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>8\/10<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>9\/10<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 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\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0633 316<\/td>\n<td>$2.50-3.00<\/td>\n<td>1.8x<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 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\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>30% \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f 30%<\/li>\n<li>25% \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/li>\n<li>40% \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 40%<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 35%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 1018 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (0.15-0.20%) \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/cc5dadf4-b125-4f44-a406-87df6a9ccc59.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.0.050%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0647\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iforgeiron.com\/topic\/7338-heat-treating-cold-rolled-1018-mild-steel\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1650-1700<\/td>\n<td>4-8 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u062e\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>1600-1650<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>1100-1200<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50-60 HRC\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>4140<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4340<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1045<\/td>\n<td>0.43-0.50%<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a (PVD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b 1018:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 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href=\"https:\/\/www.metlabheattreat.com\/carburizing.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/6fba9cb6-b08e-45d3-98a9-a591468f037f.webp\" alt=\"\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 0.18% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.20%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.0.050% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<h4>1. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 1018. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 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\u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u063a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062a (Fe3O4).<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 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\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>5\u0628 (astm d3359)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u00b110% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ufeffHave you ever found yourself puzzled about which steel grade to choose for your manufacturing project? Many engineers and designers struggle with this decision, especially when dealing with low-carbon steel options. The wrong choice can lead to wasted materials and costly production delays. 1018 steel is primarily used for general-purpose manufacturing applications that require good [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Why Choose 1018 Steel for Your Manufacturing Project?","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover why 1018 steel is perfect for manufacturing projects needing good machinability and formability. Ideal for various machinery parts!","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4831","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4831","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4831"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4831\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7497,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4831\/revisions\/7497"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4831"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4831"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4831"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}