{"id":4820,"date":"2025-02-18T20:39:28","date_gmt":"2025-02-18T12:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/?p=4820"},"modified":"2025-05-01T10:09:39","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T02:09:39","slug":"what-is-4140-steel-equivalent-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-is-4140-steel-equivalent-to\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: SCM440 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u064842CrMo4 (\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627)\u060c \u0648708M40 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629). \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/ptsmake2025.02.16-1035Material-Properties-Summary.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/56af86bc-459c-4e9f-8d47-671507525965.webp\" alt=\"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38 - 0.43% 0.38 - 0.43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80 - 1.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15 - 0.251 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75 - 1.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15 - 0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>0.035% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0646 95,000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 160,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 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\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>10-18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>28-40 HRC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/87d66bfa-e86f-4ec7-afa1-205804bcab3c.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f: 95,000 - 105,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639: 60,000 - 70,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629: 275-320 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644 (\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>0.035% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 4140 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4140 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 28-32 HRC\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 HRC \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 4140 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Martensite\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43<\/td>\n<td>0.05-0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00<\/td>\n<td>0.30-0.60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0644 (HRC)<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0644 (BHN)<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632 (HV)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>655-1000<\/td>\n<td>340-440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (MPa)<\/td>\n<td>415-655<\/td>\n<td>210-250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/td>\n<td>15-25<\/td>\n<td>20-30<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<h5>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h5>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h5>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th>4140 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (HRC)<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a (HRC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td>16-22<\/td>\n<td>10-15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>25-30<\/td>\n<td>12-17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0649<\/td>\n<td>28-32<\/td>\n<td>14-18<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 30-40%<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 41XX \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \"41\" \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \"40\" \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 0.40% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647. \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/byjus.com\/chemistry\/processes-of-metallurgy\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>0.035% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 4140. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>AISI\/SAE: 4140<\/li>\n<li>DIN: 42CrMo4<\/li>\n<li>JIS: SCM440<\/li>\n<li>BS: 708M40<\/li>\n<li>GB: 42CrMo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0629 (A)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629: 190-220 HB<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0649 (Q&amp;T)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629: 280-320 HB<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 H: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 M: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 L: \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>AMS 6382: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>AMS 6349: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<li>AMS 6359: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 (PQ)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (CQ)<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0632\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 T1: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 T2: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 T3: \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4140 \u0648410 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 4140 \u0648410 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 4140 \u0648410 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. 4140 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 410 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>410 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 410<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<td>0.15% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10%<\/td>\n<td>11.5-13.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25%<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00%<\/td>\n<td>1.00% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35%<\/td>\n<td>1.00% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 410 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (95,000 - 115,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 (28-33 HRC)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>410 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 410<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 (65,000 - 90,000 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 (25-30 HRC)<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629: 1500-1600\u00b0F<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629: 400-1200\u00b0F<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 410<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629: 1700-1850\u00b0F<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629: 300-700\u00b0F<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 410 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a 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A36\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 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\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646: 0.38-0.43% 0.38-0.43%<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645: 0.80-1.10% 0.80-1.10%<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 0.15-0.251 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632: 0.75-1.00%<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 0.15 - 0.351 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a: 0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631: 0.035% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646: 0.26% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632: 0.60-0.90% 0.60-0.90%<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 0.40% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a: 0.0.050% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631: 0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yield_(engineering)\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>655-1195<\/td>\n<td>400-550<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (MPa)<\/td>\n<td>415-1070<\/td>\n<td>250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/td>\n<td>9-16<\/td>\n<td>20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (HB)<\/td>\n<td>197-341<\/td>\n<td>130-180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 A36. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: 28-55 HRC<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 A36<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>4140: \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>A36: \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>4140: \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/li>\n<li>A36: \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>4140: \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>A36: \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 A36: \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631:<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 A36<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u062d\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 A36<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 4140 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 1045\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0650\u0651\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u06481045. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 4140 \u06481045 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0625\u0646 4140 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 1045 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 4140 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1045 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43<\/td>\n<td>0.43-0.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00<\/td>\n<td>0.60-0.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.035<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.040<\/td>\n<td>\u22640.050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardenability\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>1045 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>655-1090<\/td>\n<td>570-850<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (MPa)<\/td>\n<td>415-655<\/td>\n<td>305-505<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/td>\n<td>10-18<\/td>\n<td>12-20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (HB)<\/td>\n<td>197-321<\/td>\n<td>170-265<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/li>\n<li>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1045<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>4140 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 20-30% \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1045<\/li>\n<li>1045 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 4140 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<h4>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/th>\n<th>1045 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 4140 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 1045 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0634\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 4140 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a 1045 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 100% \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4140 \u06481045\u060c \u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 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class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (ksi)<\/td>\n<td>95-105<\/td>\n<td>140-160<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (ksi)<\/td>\n<td>60-70<\/td>\n<td>120-140<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (HRC)<\/td>\n<td>20-25<\/td>\n<td>28-32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0649<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>30-60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>1-5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2-4 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 4140 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/0a5f6790-6d41-4d15-ae1e-ad2ec3e72468.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 4140<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hardenability\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.38-0.43%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.80-1.10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.25%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.75-1.00%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>0.15-0.35%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>0.035% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td>0.040% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629: 250-350 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: 300-400 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646: 200-300 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 150-250 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a HSS \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062d: 6-8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631: 5-7 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635: 15-30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (MQL) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 (SFM)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 (\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0634\u0646<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<td>0.015<\/td>\n<td>0.100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>350<\/td>\n<td>0.010<\/td>\n<td>0.050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>400<\/td>\n<td>0.005<\/td>\n<td>0.010<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0629: \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 4140 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1018 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 1018<\/td>\n<td>1.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4140<\/td>\n<td>1.8-2.2<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 4340<\/td>\n<td>2.3-2.8<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.0-4.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a 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It&#8217;s frustrating when material specifications vary across different countries and standards, making it challenging to find the right match. 4140 steel is equivalent to several international grades: SCM440 (Japan), 42CrMo4 (Europe), and 708M40 (UK). This medium carbon [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"4140 Steel: International Equivalents & Applications","_seopress_titles_desc":"Explore 4140 steel, its global equivalents, and benefits. Ideal for high-strength components, with excellent wear resistance and versatile heat treatment options.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4820"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4820\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7496,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4820\/revisions\/7496"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4834"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4820"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}