{"id":13677,"date":"2026-09-11T20:03:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T12:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=13677"},"modified":"2026-09-11T20:03:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T12:03:05","slug":"cnc-machining-vs-die-casting-for-aluminum-spotlight-housings","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/cnc-machining-vs-die-casting-for-aluminum-spotlight-housings\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/h1>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0633\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 IP. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 CNC\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-2.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0640 CNC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633.\"><figcaption>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 CNC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 (RFQ) \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631: \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC\u060c \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC (\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 + CNC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\/\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 (\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u00b10.005 \u0645\u0645)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-3.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.\"><figcaption>\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anisotropy\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 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\u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644 (IP) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0622\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP67<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Convection\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 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\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u062e\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-5.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631.\"><figcaption>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0641\u0623<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 (SKU) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 (SKU) \/ \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.calculator.net\/amortization-calculator.html\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0622\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u062e \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <em>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/em>, \u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-6.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 (NRE) \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 (CAM)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 CNC \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Residual_stress\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0622\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DFM \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1-3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3-7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 (\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2-5 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">20-40 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2-4 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1-3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">7-15 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-7.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u062d\u0646 CNC \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vem-tooling.com\/soft-tooling-vs-hard-tooling\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f DFM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <code>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/code>, \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062d. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c 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\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-8.webp\" alt=\"\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 CNC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.\"><figcaption>\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/porosity\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a NADCA \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u061b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 6061-T6)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c A380)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-9.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <strong>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>, \u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 6061-T6 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 A380 \u0648 ADC12 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eutectic_system\">\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 6063)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u061b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u2014\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u2014\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 LED \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 LED \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641. \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (TIM) \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (&lt;0.05 \u0645\u0645)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 (\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (Ra &lt; 1.6 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (Ra &gt; 3.2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a TIM<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-10.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0646\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 CNC<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Emissivity\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 (Datums) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b <code>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/code>, \u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Datums)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Datums) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d (Face Runout)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-11.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.\"><figcaption>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 LED \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 - \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 - \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/tormach.com\/articles\/best-practices-of-tolerance-stacking?srsltid=AfmBOop_rrxO2K4zXaTch5dG9Noh2E8kM2nod9sTkCW5K-lMslVnVDRj\">\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c <code>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/code>, \u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Datums)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Datums) \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0637\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a O\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60529.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-12.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647.\"><figcaption>\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PTSMAKE \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 (PTSMAKE)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 IP65 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galvanic_corrosion\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-14.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u061b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u062b\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621\u061b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u061b \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u061b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u061b \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u061b \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 CAM\u061b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0647. \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/bruschitech.com\/shrinkage-porosity-causes-and-remedies\/\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 NADCA\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621\u061b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u061b \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\/\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u061b \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u061b \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u061b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0641\u061b \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 CNC<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 CNC \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a CNC. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 CNC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 CNC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 CNC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-15.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 CNC.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 CNC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/datum.ae\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0635\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c CNC \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a CNC \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a CNC<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0635\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 (\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-16.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 CNC \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a CNC \u0648\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:<\/strong> \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PPAP \u0623\u0648 APQP \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/asq.org\/quality-resources\/gage-repeatability?srsltid=AfmBOorvlf3PRsUwqxmrSa8R-rbysPM7pZtYudBnbU5WQ1ANVAn-9mCA\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 R&amp;R<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 CNC \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (FAI) \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643. \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \/ GD&amp;T<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 CMM \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c CAD<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-17.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631.\"><figcaption>\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0641\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641. \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 IEC 60529 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a IES. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Geometric_dimensioning_and_tolerancing\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">IEC 60529 (\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 IP)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">IES LM-82-12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d (ASTM B117)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 (RFQ) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>Your Essential RFQ Checklist<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a CAD \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/image-18.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 (MOQ) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a (ECR\/ECN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 <strong>\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong>, \u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 CNC\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Metrology\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:16\"><a href=\"#fn:16\" class=\"footnote-ref\">16<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 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\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:11\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:11\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:12\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:15\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:16\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f.<a href=\"#fnref1:16\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CNC Machining vs Die Casting for Aluminum Spotlight Housings: A Buyer&#8217;s Decision Guide Choosing the wrong process for your aluminum spotlight housing can lock you into expensive tooling, delayed launches, and parts that fail thermal or IP tests. Many buyers rely on generic volume rules and later discover the numbers never matched their real program. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_titles_title":"CNC Machining vs Die Casting for Aluminum Spotlight Housings","_seopress_titles_desc":"Choose the right process for aluminum parts. This guide compares CNC machining vs. die casting on cost, volume, and design to avoid costly errors.","_seopress_robots_index":"","_seopress_robots_follow":"","_seopress_robots_imageindex":"","_seopress_robots_snippet":"","_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_robots_breadcrumbs":"","_seopress_robots_freeze_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_custom_modified_date":"","_seopress_robots_canonical":"","_seopress_social_fb_title":"","_seopress_social_fb_desc":"","_seopress_social_fb_img":"","_seopress_social_fb_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_fb_img_height":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_title":"","_seopress_social_twitter_desc":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img":"","_seopress_social_twitter_img_attachment_id":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_width":0,"_seopress_social_twitter_img_height":0,"_seopress_redirections_value":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled":"","_seopress_redirections_enabled_regex":"","_seopress_redirections_logged_status":"","_seopress_redirections_param":"","_seopress_redirections_type":0,"_seopress_analysis_target_kw":"","_seopress_news_disabled":"","_seopress_video_disabled":"","_seopress_video":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas_manual":[],"_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable_all":"","_seopress_pro_rich_snippets_disable":[],"_seopress_pro_schemas":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13677","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13677"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13678,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13677\/revisions\/13678"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13677"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13677"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13677"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}