{"id":13509,"date":"2026-05-29T09:54:56","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T01:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=13509"},"modified":"2026-05-24T10:00:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-24T02:00:10","slug":"cnc-machined-quick-disconnect-couplings-for-data-center","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/cnc-machined-quick-disconnect-couplings-for-data-center\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 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\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u00b10.005 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 100,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-109.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a QD \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-110.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribology\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 CNC \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0636\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062e\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDUs) \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a (CNC) \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a (CNC)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a (CNC) \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629\/\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a (CNC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b10.005 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629\u060c Ra \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 CNC \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0634\u0646. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (O-rings) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 (Ra) \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hysteresis\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>UQD\u060c QD\u060c \u0648 QDC \u2014 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 UQD \u0648QD \u0648QDC \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">UQD<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 OCP \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">QD<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">QDC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">BMQC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \"Universal\" \u0641\u064a UQD\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>UQD: \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 OCP<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 (UQD) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OCP). \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f <em>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/em> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 UQD \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 UQD.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/healthit.gov\/interoperability\/\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 UQD \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>QD \u0648 QDC \u0648 BMQC<\/h4>\n<p>QD (\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 QDC (\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 (BMQC) \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a UQD \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 BMQC \u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 OCP \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">UQD (\u062d\u0633\u0628 OCP)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">QDC\/BMQC \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 OCP<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 OCP<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 UQD \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a UQD \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u2014 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 UQD \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">UQD \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 (PEEK\u060c \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">NPT\u060c BSP \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-113.webp\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 NPT \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dielectric.com\/\">\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PEEK. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648 PEEK<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">316 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-114.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 PEEK \u0648 PTFE \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 PEEK \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 EPDM \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c FKM \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644-\u0645\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>EPDM<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>FKM (\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 UQD \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galvanic_corrosion\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 316 \u0625\u0644\u0649 PEEK \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u2014 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \"\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\"\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-115.webp\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poppet_valve\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d 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\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u00b10.005 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636 (+\/- 0.1mm)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642 (+\/- 0.005mm)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-116.webp\" alt=\"\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629 (\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649) \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fretting\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 CNC \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b10.2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b10.5 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b10.005 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b10.02 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">150 \u2013 300 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10 \u2013 30 \u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u0394P)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&lt; 5 \u0631\u0637\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-117.webp\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 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\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (QDCs) \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3-5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&lt;10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-118.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 UQD \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 QD \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDUs)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (Hot-Swapping)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646 (hot swap quick disconnect coupling) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDUs) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u0646\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0637. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kinematics\">\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0625\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OCP)\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 (hot-swap) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10,000 \u0648 100,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a O-ring.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a (Ra) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Ra<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1.6 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.8 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~30,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.4 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt;100,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC). \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-119.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 (o-ring) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 (Ra) \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 O-ring \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/asperity\">\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0621\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 O-ring. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Ra \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 O<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\/\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645 Ra \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.4 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 O \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d CNC \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f (CDU) \u2014 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDUs) \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a CDU \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDU) \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0638\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDU)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-120.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDU)\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0629 CNC \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 CEJN \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDU). \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Volumetric_flow_rate\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 CNC \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (CDU) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DLC) \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DLC) \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f (CDU) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-121.webp\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 (DLC) \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a CNC \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a UQD \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0640 DLC \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gallagherseals.com\/blog\/elastomeric-seals?srsltid=AfmBOopm3kO20T_tnOVNvalV7ZHI7CYaiYO0YEuJOrNtdh5PUf_ZJHxx\">\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f DLC \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 DLC. \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u2014 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 EPDM\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (O-rings) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 3M\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">EPDM<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e\/\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">FKM (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 (\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">PTFE<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-122.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PEEK \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621.\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 PEEK \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 PEEK \u0648 PTFE \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 PEEK \u0648 PTFE \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 PEEK \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/materials-science\/glass-transition-temperature\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u064a\u0643<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">PTFE<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">FKM (\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~250\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~260\u00b0C<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~200\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 (\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PEEK \u0648 PTFE. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0639 OCP \u2014 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OCP) \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 UQD \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a OCP \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 OCP<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f UQD \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 OCP \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 OCP\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 - \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 - \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 UQD \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a CNC \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 OCP \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 <a href=\"https:\/\/formlabs.com\/blog\/gdt-geometric-dimensioning-and-tolerancing\/\">\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 OCP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a QD \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-124.webp\" alt=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 CNC \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 CNC \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a (CMM) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/hollandapt.com\/what-is-the-difference-between-en-10204-3-1-and-3-2-inspection-certificates\/\">EN 10204 3.1<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 CNC \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>5-7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>2\u20133 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0621 (NDA) \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 NPT \u0648 BSPT\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\/\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>NPT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>BSPP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (O-ring)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>BSPT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>SAE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 (O-ring)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-125.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 (\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646) \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 NPT \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 BSP \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 - \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 SAE \u0623\u0648 BSP - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629: \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a 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\u0628\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 10\u207b\u2076 \u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u00b7\u0644\u062a\u0631\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u062a\u0649 1.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (&gt;10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\/\u0641\u0635\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-126.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 Danfoss \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u061b \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hydrostatic_test\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:17\"><a href=\"#fn:17\" class=\"footnote-ref\">17<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0636\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 100%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631 (\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 10,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u2014 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a CNC \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \"\u0641\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\".<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 (0 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">8-12 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1-2 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2-4 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 (\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10-16 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC). \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10-50 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0640 1,000 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a CNC \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 (\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:18\"><a href=\"#fn:18\" class=\"footnote-ref\">18<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 $15 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 $8 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 (TCO). \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Initial Purchase<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-128.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647. \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a (CNC) \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 3 \u0625\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stress_concentration\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:19\"><a href=\"#fn:19\" class=\"footnote-ref\">19<\/a><\/sup>, \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1x<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 - 5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0643\u0651\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a 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class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:14\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:14\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:15\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 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\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:17\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:18\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:18\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:19\">\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:19\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Liquid cooling promised to solve data center heat. But now leaking couplings, failed seals, and unplanned downtime are eating millions in damaged servers and lost uptime. CNC machined quick disconnect couplings deliver \u00b10.005mm precision, dry-break sealing, and 100,000+ cycle life for data center liquid cooling. They outperform cast couplings in leak resistance, flow rate, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":13489,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"","_seopress_titles_title":"CNC Machined Quick Disconnect Couplings for Data Center","_seopress_titles_desc":"CNC machined quick disconnect couplings deliver precision, dry-break sealing, and 100,000+ cycle life for reliable data center liquid cooling.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cnc-machining"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13509"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13510,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13509\/revisions\/13510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13509"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}