{"id":11537,"date":"2025-11-06T20:56:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-06T12:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=11537"},"modified":"2025-11-03T21:56:50","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T13:56:50","slug":"custom-nodular-cast-iron-manufacturer-ptsmake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/custom-nodular-cast-iron-manufacturer-ptsmake\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 | PTSMAKE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 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\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-2149Industrial-Pipes.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a 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style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-1449Nodular-Cast-Iron-Gear-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0635\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ductile_iron\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0642\u0646\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a (60-40-18)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (1020)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">414<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">420<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (MPa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">276<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">18<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM A536.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629: 65-45-12. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">65<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">65<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">45<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">45<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-1451Nodular-Iron-Engine-Block-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A536 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultimate_tensile_strength\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (ksi)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (ksi)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">65-45-12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">65<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">45<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">80-55-06<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">80<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">55<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 80-55-06 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 65-45-12. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM A536 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a-\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-1452Nodular-Cast-Iron-Gear-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635: \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062f (ADI)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 ADI \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/ajaxelectric.com\/isothermal-hardening\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 ADI \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">600-800 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ADI (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt;1200 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0642 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 1045)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">~625 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 (\u0635\u0644\u0628)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 ADI \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a. \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f ADI \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645 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\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charpy_impact_test\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u061f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-1455Pearlitic-Cast-Iron-Automotive-Crankshaft.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microstructure\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 1083 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 JIS G5502.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ISO 1083<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">EN (CEN)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">EN 1563<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">JIS<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">JIS G5502<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-2152Complex-Metal-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (EN 1563 \/ ISO 1083)<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a <strong>EN-GJS-500-7<\/strong>, \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u2018500\u2019 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 MPa\u060c \u0648\u20187\u2019 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (JIS G5502)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 JIS \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a <strong>FCD450<\/strong>. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u2018FCD\u2019 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u2018450\u2019 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 MPa.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ductile_iron\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (%)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">A536 65-45-12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">448<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ISO \/ EN<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">EN-GJS-450-10<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">450<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">JIS (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">FCD450-10<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">450<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO \u0648 JIS \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0643 \u0636\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-2154Precision-Molded-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CE). \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 CE \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Eutectic_system\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0642\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0648\u064a: \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0636\u062f ADI<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2018\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629\u2019. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644\u064a (ADI). \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u061f<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644\u064a (ADI)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/ptsmake2025.11.03-1459Pearlitic-Vs-ADI-Iron-Gears.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 ADI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 ADI \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Austempering\">\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062c<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u2018\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a\u2019 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 ADI \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062a\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0640 ADI \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a ADI \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 ADI.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0644\u064a (ADI)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 ADI \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0624\u0644\u0624\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 PTSMAKE<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0650 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 PTSMAKE! \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 PTSMAKE \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Manufacturing teams often struggle with finding materials that combine the castability of traditional iron with the strength properties of steel. You need parts that can handle complex geometries while delivering reliable performance, but standard materials force you to compromise on either manufacturing feasibility or mechanical properties. Nodular cast iron serves as an effective &#8216;cast steel&#8217; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11552,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Custom Nodular Cast Iron Manufacturer | PTSMAKE","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn how nodular cast iron combines the easy castability of iron with near-steel strength, offering reliability for complex parts and projects.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11537","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-casting"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11537","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11537"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11537\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11555,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11537\/revisions\/11555"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11537"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}