{"id":11361,"date":"2025-09-18T20:36:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T12:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=11361"},"modified":"2025-09-18T20:36:17","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T12:36:17","slug":"titanium-grade-comparison-a-practitioners-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/titanium-grade-comparison-a-practitioners-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1906Titanium-Grades-Overview.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/interstitial-element\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a (1-4) \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 CP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (CP) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0639\u0644\u0649 99% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 99%. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 6% \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 4%. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 CP.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt;99% \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Ti)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti\u060c 6% \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Al)\u060c 4% \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (V)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0905Pure-Vs-Alloyed-Titanium-Blocks-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0647\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (1-4) \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/interstitial-element\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 CP \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 CP \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \"\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\". \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \"\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\" \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \"\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\". \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0622\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">V<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0906Titanium-Aerospace-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Al)<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (V)<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Microstructure\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647: \u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 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\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a\" \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\/\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0908Grade-2-Titanium-Rods-Collection.webp\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647. \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0626\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biocompatibility\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a. \u0644\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 (CP). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (CP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (CP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1925Precision-CNC-Machined-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062b\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0630\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 4<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 4 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.12% \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.25%\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0636 HCl \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0910Palladium-Enhanced-Titanium-Alloy-Sample.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crevice_corrosion\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0912Titanium-Grade-Certification-Samples.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\"><figcaption>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/trustrace.com\/knowledge-hub\/the-three-levels-of-traceability-step-three-material-traceability\">\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 (\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">345 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">830 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">275 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">760 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 (\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">20%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (\u03b1)<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b2)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1928Precision-Machined-Bearings.webp\" alt=\"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (\u03b1)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Creep_(deformation)\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1-4 (\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627)<\/li>\n<li>Ti-5Al-2.5Sn<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b2)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 Alpha \u0648Beta.<\/p>\n<p>Ti-6Al-4V (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 (\u03b1)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u03b2)<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627)<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">SAE-AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0915International-Titanium-Standards-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 ASTM SAE-AMS ISO \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 ASTM \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 (AMS)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AMS \u0645\u0646 SAE \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (ISO)<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 ISO \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0623\u0648 AMS.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0648AMS. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.benefits.va.gov\/GIBILL\/docs\/DualCertificationTips.pdf\">\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ASTM<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AMS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM B348<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">AMS 4928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 (CP Ti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM B265<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">AMS 4902<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ASTM \u0648AMS \u0648ISO. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0648AMS \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a: Ti-6Al-4V. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 ASTM B348 \u0648AMS 4928.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>AMS 4928 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 ASTM B348 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM B348 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">AMS 4928<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti-6Al-4V<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti-6Al-4V<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0916ASTM-Vs-AMS-Titanium-Components-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a ASTM \u0648AMS \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 ASTM \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 AMS Titanium<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a AMS \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644 AMS 4928\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>ASTM B348 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (NDT)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u062a\u0646\u0635 AMS 4928 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 ASTM B348\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/beta-transus\">\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0633<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a AMS \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 AMS \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AS9100\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 ISO 9001 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM B348<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">AMS 4928<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\/\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>NDT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ISO 9001 (\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">AS9100 (\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 Ti-6Al-4V \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 AMS 4928 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 ASTM B348 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (CP). \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643. \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1934Titanium-Grades-Overview.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643\"><figcaption>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biocompatibility\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti-6Al-4V<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti-6Al-4V ELI<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">Ti-0.2Pd<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 23 \u06487 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\/\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0919Titanium-Grade-Samples-Collection-Display.webp\" alt=\"\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631. \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639. \u0641\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Biocompatibility\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup>\u064a\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (ELI) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 (\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 7 (Ti-0.15Pd)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 (CP Ti)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 - \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0921Titanium-Alloy-Family-Comparison-Samples.webp\" alt=\"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Allotropy\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0622\u0635\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f ELI \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a ELI \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \"ELI\" \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 (\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23 (ELI)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1938Titanium-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 ELI<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/interstitial-element\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0634\u0631\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 (% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23 (% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.20<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.40<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (ELI) \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0924International-Titanium-Grade-Standards-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \"\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\" \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\". \u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 ASTM \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">ASTM<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">UNS<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">R56400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3.7165<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">AMS<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">4911<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-is-meant-by-nominal-chemical-composition\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP) \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640 1 \u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 (CP)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1x<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2x - 3x<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 7 (Ti-0.15Pd)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">5 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 - 10 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0925Titanium-Grade-Cost-Comparison-Bars.webp\" alt=\"\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u061f \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>CP \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 0.121 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.251 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.251 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/beta-transus\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0633<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:16\"><a href=\"#fn:16\" class=\"footnote-ref\">16<\/a><\/sup> \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621. \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u061f \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u061f<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a CP (1\u060c 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 7\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1939Precision-Machined-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b (CP) \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062e\u0637\u0631 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Crevice_corrosion\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:17\"><a href=\"#fn:17\" class=\"footnote-ref\">17<\/a><\/sup> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 12 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 (\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 12<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645 (Mo) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 (Ni)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 7 \u0623\u0648 12 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 (CP). \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646 1 \u06482 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a CP (1\u060c 2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0928Titanium-Sheets-Welding-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (PWHT) \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>PWHT \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embrittlement\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:18\"><a href=\"#fn:18\" class=\"footnote-ref\">18<\/a><\/sup>\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a \u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0634 \u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0637\u064a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f 100%.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>40-50%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627<\/td>\n<td>20-30%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0930Different-Titanium-Grades-On-Workbench.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\"><figcaption>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0651\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062d\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galling\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:19\"><a href=\"#fn:19\" class=\"footnote-ref\">19<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (SFM)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a CP \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>ASTM B348<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0931Technical-Drawing-With-Titanium-Grade-Specifications.webp\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\"><figcaption>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c ASTM\u060c AMS) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a: \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/science.howstuffworks.com\/metallurgy.htm\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:20\"><a href=\"#fn:20\" class=\"footnote-ref\">20<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \"\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\" \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\" \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0640...<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>STA<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \"\u0645\u0644\u062f\u0646\" \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">50-100% \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0933Titanium-Grade-2-Vs-Grade-5-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u061f \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ultimate_tensile_strength\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:21\"><a href=\"#fn:21\" class=\"footnote-ref\">21<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1.8 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">150g<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">90g<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635\" \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti 6Al-4V) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (Ti 6Al-4V ELI).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (ELI)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0934Titanium-Grade-5-Vs-Grade-23-Aircraft-Brackets.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23. \u0641\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \"ELI\"\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interstitial_webpage\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:22\"><a href=\"#fn:22\" class=\"footnote-ref\">22<\/a><\/sup>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 ELI<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 23 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642. \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (\u0628\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 %)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 (% \u0643\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.20<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.13<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.40<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.08<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.08<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.05<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.03<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629\" \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u062c. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 23 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 ELI \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645. \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\/\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-0936Welded-Titanium-Marine-Bracket-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 5 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627-\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 (PWHT) \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Embrittlement\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0646<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:23\"><a href=\"#fn:23\" class=\"footnote-ref\">23<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 PWHT. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20-40% \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 2<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 PWHT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 PWHT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 5\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0623\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 CP \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.12-1954Precision-Metal-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\"><figcaption>\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 1 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 CP \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Work_hardening\">\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:24\"><a href=\"#fn:24\" class=\"footnote-ref\">24<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 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left;\">\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627 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\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u061f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 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\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u064f\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a 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id=\"fn:23\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:23\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:24\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:24\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Working with titanium grades feels overwhelming when you&#8217;re staring at dozens of specifications, each with different strength values, chemical compositions, and application notes. You know choosing the wrong grade could mean costly redesigns, failed parts, or worse\u2014but the technical data sheets don&#8217;t make the practical differences clear. Titanium grades differ primarily in their alloy composition, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11373,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Titanium Grade Comparison: A Practitioner's Guide","_seopress_titles_desc":"Learn to choose the right titanium grade by comparing tensile strength, corrosion resistance, ductility, and weldability for optimal performance.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11361","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-materials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11361","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11361"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11361\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11382,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11361\/revisions\/11382"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11361"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11361"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11361"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}