{"id":10966,"date":"2025-09-12T20:58:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-12T12:58:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=10966"},"modified":"2025-09-10T20:59:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T12:59:09","slug":"practical-ultimate-guide-to-custom-gear-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/practical-ultimate-guide-to-custom-gear-design\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2051Types-of-Gears.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 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src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1322Precision-Gear-Close-Up.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geartechnology.com\/conjugate-gears\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u061f \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1323Precision-Gear-Mechanism.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0632\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pressure_angle\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">14.5\u00b0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">20\u00b0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">25\u00b0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1332Complex-Gear-Analysis.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\" \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/line-of-action.com\/\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 14.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0636\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1333Mold-Path-of-Contact.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/figure\/llustration-of-one-complete-tooth-meshing-cycle-Consider-two-identical-spur-gears-in_fig1_361436867\">\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \"\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629\" \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b (\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629-\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0645\u0632\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u0643. \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 = \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a (DP)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">DP \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 = \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0924Precision-Metal-Gear-Wheels-Detail.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0641\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (\u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631) \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/khkgears.net\/new\/gear_knowledge\/gear-nomenclature\/pitch-circle.html\">\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0639. \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645=4)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645=4 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645=1)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a m=1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 DP (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c DP=8)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a DP=8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 DP (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c DP=32)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a DP=32<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1334Mold-Friction-Forces.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/pitting\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1.0 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt; 1.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt; 1.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt; 2.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1335Precision-Gear-Manufacturing.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/khkgears.net\/new\/gear_knowledge\/gear-nomenclature\/length-of-path-of-contact.html\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 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\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1337Precision-Gear-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/pitchpointsolutions.com\/\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0930Precision-Gear-Tooth-Profile-Detail.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \"\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631\" \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/kinematic-error\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1339Types-Of-Gear.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geartechnology.com\/conjugate-gears\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f - \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629. \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2019Gear-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksb.com\/en-global\/centrifugal-pump-lexicon\/article\/axial-thrust-1117296\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b (\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (95-99%)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a (50-90%)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1341Bevel-and-Worm-Gears.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/What-is-back-driveability-in-motors-and-actuators\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0642\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1342High-Precision-Gear-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Deferent_and_epicycle\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1347Precision-Gear-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 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\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribology\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c 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\u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 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left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 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\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062d\u0644\u0642<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0632. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062d\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0939Precision-Metal-Gears-Manufacturing-Collection.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\" \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Involute_gear\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u064a\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062d\u0644\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 (\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637-\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AGMA\/ISO \u0628\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \"\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\". \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0648\u064a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1401Precision-Gear-Manufacturing.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AGMA \u0648ISO \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 ISO 4) \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 ISO 12) \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 CMM \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 AGMA Q10. \u062b\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iso.org\/obp\/ui\/#iso:std:iso:1328:-1:ed-2:v1:en\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:16\"><a href=\"#fn:16\" class=\"footnote-ref\">16<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (ISO 5)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 4 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (ISO 8)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 12 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (ISO 11)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 30 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00b1 25 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AGMA \u0648ISO \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u064a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0634\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0941Gear-Failure-Types-And-Damage-Modes.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asperity_(materials_science)\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:17\"><a href=\"#fn:17\" class=\"footnote-ref\">17<\/a><\/sup>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0633\u0637\u062d \u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0632\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">20<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">40<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">15<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">60<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">4:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0943Multiple-Gears-Showing-Different-Speed-Ratios.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \"\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\". \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \"\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629\" \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \"\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\" \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mechanical_advantage\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:18\"><a href=\"#fn:18\" class=\"footnote-ref\">18<\/a><\/sup>. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1349Precision-Gear-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u061f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/khkgears.net\/new\/gear_knowledge\/gear-nomenclature\/contact-ratio.html\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:19\"><a href=\"#fn:19\" class=\"footnote-ref\">19<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0633. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 AGMA \u0623\u0648 ISO. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 Q12 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. Q8 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647. \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1349Precision-Gear-Machining.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 AGMA 2015 \u0623\u0648 ISO 1328 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646. \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \"AGMA Q10\"\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f <a href=\"https:\/\/www.groschopp.com\/knowing-teeth-gear-terminology\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:20\"><a href=\"#fn:20\" class=\"footnote-ref\">20<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">AGMA<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b - \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1-12 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1-12 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 AGMA\/ISO \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 (FBD). \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0947Gear-Shaft-Assembly-With-Bearings.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 FBD\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628. \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.phyley.com\/find-resultant-force\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:21\"><a href=\"#fn:21\" class=\"footnote-ref\">21<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a (\u0642\u062f\u0645)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (T)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 (\u03c6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a (Fa)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u03c8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0949Precision-Metal-Gear-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633. \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_expansion\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:22\"><a href=\"#fn:22\" class=\"footnote-ref\">22<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633 POM \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 CNC)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0950Precision-Steel-And-Plastic-Gears-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u061f \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \"\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\"<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/backlash\">\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:23\"><a href=\"#fn:23\" class=\"footnote-ref\">23<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\" \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \"\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\" \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0630\u0643\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 CNC)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0952Custom-Metal-Gears-With-Different-Specifications.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u064f\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/khkgears.net\/new\/gear_knowledge\/abcs_of_gears-b\/gear_profile_shift.html\">\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:24\"><a href=\"#fn:24\" class=\"footnote-ref\">24<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0953Precision-Gear-Components-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \"\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u061f\" \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contact_mechanics\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:25\"><a href=\"#fn:25\" class=\"footnote-ref\">25<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (FEA)<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0650 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 PTSMAKE<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0643. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:10\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:11\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:11\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:12\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:12\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:13\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:13\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:14\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:14\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:15\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:15\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:16\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647.<a href=\"#fnref1:16\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:17\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:17\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:18\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:18\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:19\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:19\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:20\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:20\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:21\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:21\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:22\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u0645\u0646.<a href=\"#fnref1:22\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:23\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:23\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:24\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:24\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:25\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:25\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You&#8217;re designing a custom gear system, but every calculation feels like guesswork. Standard formulas don&#8217;t address your specific constraints, and one wrong parameter choice could lead to premature failure, costly redesigns, or worse\u2014complete system breakdown in the field. Custom gear design requires mastering fundamental principles like the law of gearing, involute geometry, and contact ratios, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Practical Ultimate Guide to Custom Gear Design","_seopress_titles_desc":"Avoid costly redesigns with expert insights on gear laws, involute curves & more to ensure reliable performance. Enhance your gear engineering now.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10966","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gear"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10966","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10966"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10966\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11213,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10966\/revisions\/11213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10966"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10966"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10966"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}