{"id":10940,"date":"2025-09-11T20:35:20","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T12:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=10940"},"modified":"2025-09-10T20:35:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-10T12:35:31","slug":"the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-worm-gears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-worm-gears\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629 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\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 30-90% \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2027Worm-Gear-Parts.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0643 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">50% \u2013 90%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94% \u2013 98%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94% \u2013 98%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2026Gearbox-Cross-Section.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lead_(engineering)\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062b\u0645\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2023Precision-Machined-Gear-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50%.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/friction-coefficients-d_778.html\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94% \u2013 98%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94% \u2013 98%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">93% \u2013 97%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">30% \u2013 90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2030Rusty-Gear-Mechanism.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u062d\u0651\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sliding_(motion)\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">95-99%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">50-90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1150Precision-Gear-Mechanism.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 <strong>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/strong> \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \"\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\" \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/backlash\">\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629 + \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 80% \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u062a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a<\/td>\n<td>100 W<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>80 W<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>20 W<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0640 20 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1152Precision-Gear-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 PTSMAKE \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribology\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<td>~95% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>~2-3% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>~1-2% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0840Gearbox-Power-Loss-Sources.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.machinerylubrication.com\/Read\/30520\/understanding-lubricant-churning\">\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 (\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c\/\u0645\u062e\u0636\/\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94-98%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 (\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c\/\u0645\u062e\u0636\/\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">94-98%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">50-90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1153Precision-Gear-Mechanism.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.geotechdata.info\/parameter\/angle-of-friction\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627. \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 80% \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 20% \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1000 W<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">80%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">800 W<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">200 W<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0640 200 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0842Worm-Gear-Heat-Generation-Effects.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u03bc\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629: \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u03bc \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1157Friction-Coefficient-Graph.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribology\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u03bc \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \"\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\". \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1158Gear-Mechanism-Close-Up.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribofilm\">\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-1311Gear-and-Worm-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a <code>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Drag_(physics)\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\/\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \/ \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.10-2034Gear-Assembly-Process.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0639\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/technology\/hydrodynamic-film\">\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u064a\u062f (\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0621)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 (\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\/\u062e\u0637)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 Globoid \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0849Worm-Gear-Efficiency-Analysis-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/friction-coefficients-d_778.html\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (EP) \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0627\u062d\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0851Steel-Worm-Bronze-Wheel-Gear-System.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \"\u0645\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b\". \u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Adhesion\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \"\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637\" \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0630\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 (10:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (&gt; 15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (60:1)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0852Bronze-Worm-Gear-With-Helical-Threads.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u061f \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineeringtoolbox.com\/friction-coefficients-d_778.html\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0854Industrial-Gearbox-With-Measurement-Sensors.webp\" alt=\"\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 = \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 T1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 T2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 S1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 S2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">P_in = T1 \u00d7 S1<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">P_out = T2 \u00d7 S2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 (P_out \/ P_in) * 100%. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dynamometer\">\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:16\"><a href=\"#fn:16\" class=\"footnote-ref\">16<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 (DLC)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.08-0855Advanced-Worm-Gear-Components-Technology.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a (DLC) \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanoparticle\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:17\"><a href=\"#fn:17\" class=\"footnote-ref\">17<\/a><\/sup> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a DLC<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">5-10%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3-7%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2-5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">4-8%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0639 PTSMAKE<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 - \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 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id=\"fn:12\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:12\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:13\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:13\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:14\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:14\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:15\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#fnref1:15\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:16\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:16\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:17\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:17\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Worm gears present a puzzling challenge for engineers: they offer incredible reduction ratios and self-locking capabilities, but their efficiency often falls short of other gear types. This creates a real dilemma when you need high torque multiplication but can&#8217;t afford significant power losses. Worm gears typically achieve 30-90% efficiency depending on design factors like lead [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"The Practical Ultimate Guide to Worm Gears","_seopress_titles_desc":"Unlock worm gear potential with the right design. Learn how PTSMAKE maximizes efficiency in high-torque applications with expert analysis.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gear"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10940"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11210,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10940\/revisions\/11210"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10940"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}