{"id":10898,"date":"2025-09-07T20:35:17","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T12:35:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=10898"},"modified":"2025-09-06T20:36:29","modified_gmt":"2025-09-06T12:36:29","slug":"the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-helical-gears","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/the-practical-ultimate-guide-to-helical-gears\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 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\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0636\u063a\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksb.com\/en-global\/centrifugal-pump-lexicon\/article\/axial-thrust-1117296\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\/\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \"\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629\" \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-1956Helical-Gear-With-Angled-Teeth.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/drivetrainhub.com\/notebooks\/gears\/geometry\/Chapter%203%20-%20Helical%20Gears.html\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup>. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c\" \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 45 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0630\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 (0 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-1957Precision-Helical-Gear-With-Angled-Teeth.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Contact_mechanics\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\" \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&lt; 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt; 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1634Precision-Gear-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/tanhon.com\/what-is-the-axial-pitch-of-a-gear\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup>. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 98-99%.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1637Precision-Metal-Gears.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0650\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksb.com\/en-global\/centrifugal-pump-lexicon\/article\/axial-thrust-1117296\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647. \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \"\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\" \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u03b1n)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 (\u03b1t)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2003Helical-Gear-Teeth-Detail-View.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/faculty.gvsu.edu\/ambroseb\/research\/IMT-VectorFields_files\/SEP-tt.pdf\">\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636. \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0644 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636. \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0651\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0644\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2004Metallic-Helical-Gear-With-Angled-Teeth.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.motioncontroltips.com\/pitch-line-velocity\/\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \"\u064a\u062f\" \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \"\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b\"\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1638Precision-CNC-Machined-Gears.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0649<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksb.com\/en-global\/centrifugal-pump-lexicon\/article\/axial-thrust-1117296\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 (RH + LH)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 (RH + RH \u0623\u0648 LH + LH + LH)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2008Single-Vs-Double-Helical-Gear-Comparison.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 V \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 V \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/AskEngineers\/comments\/la9mb6\/axial_float_on_bearing_housing_should_the_outer\/\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup>. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c (\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0646\u061f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 90 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1654Various-Gear-Types.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629\u061f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/pitch%20surface\">\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0636\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 95%. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0641\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">&gt; 95%<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">50% \u2013 90%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1658CNC-Machining-Process.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chiefdelphi.com\/t\/back-driveable-vs-not\/49506\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 (\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">8620, 9310<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">4140, 4340<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1702Precision-Gears-and-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u064e\u0651\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0651\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 8620 \u06489310\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Residual_stress\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup> \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u062b\u0644 4140 \u06484340 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f 4140 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/china-cnc-machining-quality-certified-low-cost-fast-delivery\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"115\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 (\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0646\/\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2014Helical-Gear-Specification-Parameters-Display.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a (DP):<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a (\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 DP \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629). \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0639\u062f \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f:<\/strong> \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\" \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637:<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647:<\/strong> \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carburizing\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:13\"><a href=\"#fn:13\" class=\"footnote-ref\">13<\/a><\/sup>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 AGMA \u0623\u0648 ISO \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f AGMA Q10 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644. \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2016Helical-Gear-Lubrication-Requirements.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0647\u0634\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Extreme_pressure_additive\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 (EP)<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:14\"><a href=\"#fn:14\" class=\"footnote-ref\">14<\/a><\/sup>. \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a EP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 (\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f (EP) \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2017Precision-Helical-Gear-Housing-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stress_concentration\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:15\"><a href=\"#fn:15\" class=\"footnote-ref\">15<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629: \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 15,000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062e\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (ICE)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (EV)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1,000 \u2013 7,000<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0 \u2013 20,000+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2019Electric-Vehicle-Helical-Gear-System.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0639\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/khkgears.net\/new\/gear_knowledge\/gear-nomenclature\/contact-ratio.html\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:16\"><a href=\"#fn:16\" class=\"footnote-ref\">16<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">10 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0648\u0627\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">3:1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2021Helical-Gear-Train-Design-Example.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0645)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u03b2)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a (Zp)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">22<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 (Zg)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">66<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 3:1 (Zg = Zp * 3).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0650\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Ft) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simscale.com\/docs\/simwiki\/fea-finite-element-analysis\/what-is-bending-stress\/\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:17\"><a href=\"#fn:17\" class=\"footnote-ref\">17<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Fa).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>*<em>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a (Fa) = \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Fa) = \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Ft) <\/em> \u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u03b2)**<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2022Helical-Gear-System-Components-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalprecision.com\/info-library\/technical-data\/bearing-preload\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:18\"><a href=\"#fn:18\" class=\"footnote-ref\">18<\/a><\/sup> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646)<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.05-2024Helical-Gear-Planetary-System-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ksb.com\/en-global\/centrifugal-pump-lexicon\/article\/axial-thrust-1117296\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:19\"><a href=\"#fn:19\" class=\"footnote-ref\">19<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0650\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a + \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0629)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/5-axis-cnc-machining-slash-costs-boost-precision-full-guidewhat-is-5-axis-cnc-machining\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"117\">5 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 CNC<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.06-1703Precision-Gear-Component.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633 (DLC)\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633. \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Power_density\">\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:20\"><a href=\"#fn:20\" class=\"footnote-ref\">20<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/precision-cnc-turning-services-tight-tolerance-parts\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"113\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/a> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 PTSMAKE<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 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id=\"fn:16\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:16\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:17\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:17\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:18\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631.<a href=\"#fnref1:18\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:19\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:19\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:20\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:20\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Helical gears seem complex at first glance. Many engineers struggle with understanding how the angled teeth actually work and why they&#8217;re chosen over simpler spur gears in critical applications. Helical gears use angled teeth to create gradual, progressive contact that eliminates the sudden impacts of spur gears, resulting in quieter operation, higher load capacity, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10906,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"The Practical Ultimate Guide to Helical Gears","_seopress_titles_desc":"Discover why helical gears, with their angled teeth, outperform spur gears. Enjoy quieter, smoother, and more efficient power transmission for precision applications.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10898","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gear"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10898","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10898"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10898\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10920,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10898\/revisions\/10920"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10898"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10898"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10898"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}