{"id":10745,"date":"2025-09-03T10:34:03","date_gmt":"2025-09-03T02:34:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/?p=10745"},"modified":"2025-09-03T11:15:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-03T03:15:40","slug":"mastering-interference-fit-the-ultimate-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/mastering-interference-fit-the-ultimate-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061f \u0644\u0633\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0643. \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644 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\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1822Press-Fit-Bearing-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\". \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\" \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/complete-practical-guide-to-the-anodizing-process-for-aluminum-alloys\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"53\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/a>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0646\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1153Precision-Machined-Cylindrical-Components-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asperity_(materials_science)\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629\" \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631. \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a <strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 20-30% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\/\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1154Precision-Interference-Fit-Assembly-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a (E)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (E \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (E \u0623\u0642\u0644) \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 (\u03bd)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640 <a href=\"https:\/\/engrasad.weebly.com\/uploads\/1\/4\/2\/1\/14213514\/biaxial_stress_system_new.pdf\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641<\/h3>\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-are-the-key-benefits-of-small-cnc-machining-for-your-business\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"55\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062e\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/custom-cnc-machining-guide-cost-materials-quality-explainedwhat-is-custom-cnc-machining\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"57\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1156Solid-Versus-Hollow-Metal-Shafts.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\"><figcaption>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\" \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/hoop-stress\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0644\u0642\u0650 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0647. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 <code>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/code>. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1826Precision-Machined-Component-Analysis.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642. \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/engrasad.weebly.com\/uploads\/1\/4\/2\/1\/14213514\/biaxial_stress_system_new.pdf\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:4\"><a href=\"#fn:4\" class=\"footnote-ref\">4<\/a><\/sup> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 (MPa)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 6061-T6<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">276<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-is-stainless-steel-machining\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"59\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/a> 304<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">215<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Ti-6Al-4V)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">830<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0627\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1830Precision-Machined-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637: \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0634\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u0632\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nde-ed.org\/Physics\/Materials\/Structure\/deformation.xhtml\">\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u0646-\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:5\"><a href=\"#fn:5\" class=\"footnote-ref\">5<\/a><\/sup>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0644\u0637\u0641<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 <strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062c\u064a\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0637\u064a\u062e<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\/\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f - \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a. \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1200Interference-Fit-Joint-Components.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 <em>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fretting\">\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:6\"><a href=\"#fn:6\" class=\"footnote-ref\">6<\/a><\/sup>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0641\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0642\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/how-strong-is-die-cast-zinc\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"61\">\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629. \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0629. \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1201Steel-Shaft-Bronze-Bushing-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE)<\/h3>\n<p>\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_expansion\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:7\"><a href=\"#fn:7\" class=\"footnote-ref\">7<\/a><\/sup> (CTE). \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 CTEs \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a. \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631) \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 CTE \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (10 \u2076 \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">23.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">19.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">12.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/what-is-17-4-ph-stainless-steel\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"63\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">17.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">8.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0633. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1203Rotating-Shaft-With-Gear-Assembly.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/fretting-fatigue\">\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:8\"><a href=\"#fn:8\" class=\"footnote-ref\">8<\/a><\/sup>. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0647\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u061b \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u064a\u064a\u062a \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/h4>\n<p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0643\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u2013<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1832Precision-Assembly-Process.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\"><figcaption>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0636\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tribology\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:9\"><a href=\"#fn:9\" class=\"footnote-ref\">9<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE\u060c \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u064b. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0644\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0643. \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1.2 &#8211; 1.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">1.5 \u2013 2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">2.0 - 3.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1835Precision-Machined-Shaft.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0648\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a (\u062c\u0627\u0641)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.15 &#8211; 0.20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.18 - 0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0647\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">0.17 &#8211; 0.22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 4: \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 <strong>\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/strong>. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a PTSMAKE \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 5: \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 <a href=\"https:\/\/roymech.org\/Useful_Tables\/Mechanics\/Cylinders.html\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:10\"><a href=\"#fn:10\" class=\"footnote-ref\">10<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0635\u0639\u0628. \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1836Precision-CNC-Machined-Hub.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\"><figcaption>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/h3>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0643. \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thermal_expansion\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:11\"><a href=\"#fn:11\" class=\"footnote-ref\">11<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629: \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631<\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u063a\u0644<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639\/\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0648\u0646\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644. \u062f\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/ptsmake2025.09.02-1209Precision-Shaft-Bearing-Assembly-Connection.webp\" alt=\"\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\"><figcaption>\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d. \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 PTSMAKE\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643<\/h4>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632<\/h4>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Interlock_(engineering)\">\u062a\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:12\"><a href=\"#fn:12\" class=\"footnote-ref\">12<\/a><\/sup> \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/th>\n<th style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u061f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0640 PTSMAKE \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/cnc-machining-services\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"51\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646. \u062f\u0639 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0643 - \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/contact\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/PTSMAKE-Inquiry-image-1500.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 - PTSMAKE\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:4\">\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637.<a href=\"#fnref1:4\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:5\">\n<p>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644.<a href=\"#fnref1:5\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:6\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627.<a href=\"#fnref1:6\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:7\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<a href=\"#fnref1:7\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:8\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0643.<a href=\"#fnref1:8\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:9\">\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062d\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:9\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:10\">\n<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 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rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:12\">\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0645.<a href=\"#fnref1:12\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">\u21a9<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Struggling with interference fit failures in your critical assemblies? You&#8217;re not alone. Every day, engineers face slipped shafts, cracked hubs, and failed joints that could have been prevented with proper interference fit design. Interference fit is a mechanical fastening method where parts are joined by forcing a slightly oversized component into an undersized mating part, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10771,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Mastering Interference Fit: The Ultimate Guide","_seopress_titles_desc":"Overcome interference fit failures. Learn how surface finish and material properties impact nominal and effective interference for reliable assembly.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10745"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10796,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10745\/revisions\/10796"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10771"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ptsmake.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10745"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}